Treatment of EBV-infected lymphocytes with bortezomib or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors along with GCV can induce apoptosis of infected cells. EBV-infected T cells contain episomal EBV DNA (A). Bortezomib and HDAC inhibitors induce virus replication and expression of the EBV PK (B). GCV is phosphorylated by the viral PK, resulting in inhibition of EBV replication; phosphorylated GCV induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of virus-infected cells (C). P, phosphate; PPP, triphosphate.