Microglia/macrophage activation is reduced in AD mice treated with FXII-ASO. (A-E) Brain sections from WT and AD mice treated with CTL-ASO or FXII-ASO were stained with antibodies against Iba-1, and the cerebral cortex was analyzed (A-E). CTL-ASO–treated AD mice showed significantly higher expression of Iba-1 (C,E) than CTL-ASO–treated WT mice (A,E). In FXII-ASO–treated AD mice, Iba-1expression (D-E) was significantly reduced compared with CTL-ASO–treated AD mice (C,E). Iba-1 expression was similar between CTL-ASO–treated (A,E) and FXII-ASO–treated WT mice (B,E) (one-way ANOVA; n = 9-14 mice per group). Scale bar for panels A-D, 200 μm. (F-G) Western blot analyses of hippocampal extracts from WT and AD mice treated with CTL-ASO or FXII-ASO showed that the expression level of Iba-1 was significantly higher in CTL-ASO–treated AD mice than in CTL-ASO–treated WT mice. FXII-ASO treatment significantly reduced Iba-1 expression in AD mice when compared with CTL-ASO treatment. The expression level of Iba-1 was similar between WT mice treated with FXII-ASO or CTL-ASO (one-way ANOVA; n = 9-14 mice per group; shown here are representative western blots). All values presented as mean ± SEM. Results are from 3 independent experiments.