The upregulation of IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGF expression in cytokine-induced CD33⁺ cells. Expression levels of suppressive molecules pre- or postexposure to 0.5 μM DXM from patients with ITP (PBMC origin, n = 8; splenic origin, n = 5) and healthy control patients (PBMC origin n = 9; splenic origin n = 5). Each column denotes the relative mRNA quantity of IL-10, TGF-β, or VEGF in cytokine-induced CD33⁺ cells from (A-C) PBMCs or (D-F) splenocytes. Differences between PBMCs (ITP) and MDSCs (ITP), MDSCs (ITP) and DXM-MDSCs (ITP), or PBMCs (control) and MDSCs (control), MDSCs (control) and DXM-MDSCs (control) were determined using analysis of variance or the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. *P < .05; **P < .01.