Functional activity of hESC- and fetal liver–derived monocytic cells. (A) Protein arrays analysis in culture supernatants of hESC-derived, fetal liver–derived, and peripheral blood CD14⁺CD16⁺ cells. Array signals from scanned X-ray film images were analyzed using digital image analysis software. Array images from 10-minute exposure to X-ray film (left panel) and profiles created by quantifying the mean spot pixel densities (right panel) are shown. In the top right panel, note that the broadest pattern of expression associated with various proteins acting on extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling was found in the CD14^highCD16⁺ embryonic cells. In the bottom right panel, the secretion of proteins involved in angiogenesis in the 3 populations is also shown. *Proteins significantly increased in hESC-derived cells compared with fetal and adult cells using pairwise comparisons with t test (P < .05). (B) Quantification of MMP secretion by Luminex technology. Note the secretion of large amounts of MMP-12 in embryonic cells compared with fetal and adult cells. **P = .04. Results are expressed in picograms per milliliter.