HIF-1α inducers and/or stabilizers directly influence SLC11A1 regulation. (A) Representative data from cells cotransfected with SLC11A1-luc and HIF-1α, and untreated or treated with 100 μM CoCl₂, 100 μM dipyridyl, and 200 μM of the nitrosative stressor S-nitroso-N-acetypenicillamine. (B) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns differentially activate SLC11A1 through HIF-1α. RAW264.7 cells cotransfected with SLC11A1-luc and HIF-1α were treated with lipoarabinomannans (ManLAM or PiLAM) and E. coli or S. typhimurium LPS, with or without IFNγ. Transactivation data are representative of 3 independent experiments (means ± SEM). (C) Activation of HIF-1α by proinflammatory stimuli causes its translocation to the nucleus. Immunofluorescence of RAW264.7 cells transfected with HIF-1α cDNA and left untreated or treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) and IFNγ (100 U/mL). HIF-1α was detected with FITC-labeled anti-FLAG antibody; nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Image was captured with a Leica DC200 digital camera and software (version 2.51), using a 40×/0.70 numeric aperture (NA) oil objective lens, and processed with Adobe Photoshop 7. Magnification is ×40.