Stimulation of TLR-deficient and WT-EFs by APLAs. TLR-deficient and wild-type EFs were incubated for 4 hours with 500 μg/mL APLAs from 5 patients or with 25 μg/mL β2GP1 immunopurified IgG (β2GP1-IgG) obtained from a sixth patient. MCP-1, ICAM-1, and IL-6 mRNAs were quantified by qRT-PCR and expressed as relative mRNA levels, which correspond to the ratio of mRNA in cells incubated with APLAs over that in cells incubated without APLAs. Values are expressed as mean ± SE of at least 5 independent experiments per patient IgG.