Th subsets are imbalanced in TBD. Surface markers were used to identify the following subsets of CD4+ cells in PBMCs: Tregs, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th17.1. Decreased Th1, Th17, and Th17.1 cells were observed, with no significant alterations in Tregs and Th2. (A) Manual gating strategy for effector CD4+ Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th17.1 cells based on the surface markers CD25, CD127, CCR7, CD45RA, CXCR3, CCR4, and CCR6. (B) Identification of Tregs (CD25+CD127–FOXP3+) by Flow-SOM automated clustering and viSNE plots. (C) Percentages of Th subsets in total CD4+ lymphocytes. (D) The Th2/Th1 ratio increases in patients due to the decline of Th1 cells. ∗P ≤ .05; ∗∗P ≤ .01. TBD, telomere biology disorder; Th, T helper; t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding.
Figure 4.

Th subsets are imbalanced in TBD. Surface markers were used to identify the following subsets of CD4+ cells in PBMCs: Tregs, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th17.1. Decreased Th1, Th17, and Th17.1 cells were observed, with no significant alterations in Tregs and Th2. (A) Manual gating strategy for effector CD4+ Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th17.1 cells based on the surface markers CD25, CD127, CCR7, CD45RA, CXCR3, CCR4, and CCR6. (B) Identification of Tregs (CD25+CD127–FOXP3+) by Flow-SOM automated clustering and viSNE plots. (C) Percentages of Th subsets in total CD4+ lymphocytes. (D) The Th2/Th1 ratio increases in patients due to the decline of Th1 cells. ∗P ≤ .05; ∗∗P ≤ .01. TBD, telomere biology disorder; Th, T helper; t-SNE, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding.

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