Dose ranging and study flowcharts. (A) Details of dose regimen per cohort. Of note, no patient was treated in cohort 5. (B) Study flowchart. The dose-escalation process was monitored by the data and safety monitoring board. Visit 1: treatment start (D1) at the end of neutropenia. Feces and blood collection. Visit 2: safety interim visit (D7 ± 2), clinical assessment visit. Feces and blood collection. Visit 3: start of consolidation or other cycle of chemotherapy (D19 ± 5), clinical follow-up. Feces and blood collection. Visit 4: end of study (D44 ± 10) corresponding to the end of chemotherapy. Feces and blood collection. The recommended timing for MaaT033 administration was 1 capsule before breakfast (for cohorts 1 and 2), 3 capsules before breakfast (for cohorts 3 and 4), and 3 capsules before breakfast, 3 before lunch, and 3 before dinner (for cohort 5).