Exhaustion markers expressed in Vδ2⁺ cells and CD3⁺ cells before and after ZOL stimulation. (A) MFIs of the respective exhaustion markers reveal that ZOL-stimulated HH Vδ2⁺ T cells upregulate the exhaustion marker (HH n = 4) highly significantly compared with healthy controls (HD n = 3). (B) ZOL induces the significant and subset-specific expression of exhaustion markers in Vδ2⁺ cells but not in the CD3⁺ compartment of individuals with HH (n = 4) and, besides the activation marker Tim-3, neither in Vδ2⁺ cells nor in CD3⁺ cells of HDs (n = 3). The population designated as CD3⁺ includes all T cells except Vδ2⁺ cells, that is, αβ⁺, Vδ1⁺, and Vδ1^–/Vδ2^– T cells. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001; ∗∗∗∗P < .0001; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; ns, not significant.