Changes in hematocrit categories by treatment and sex. Changes in the proportions of hematocrit categories according to treatment arm in males (A) and females (B). Canagliflozin increased the prevalence of erythrocytosis and decreased the incidence of anemia in both sexes. The odds of erythrocytosis and anemia associated with canagliflozin vs placebo at 1 and 2 years were estimated using logistic regression models with random intercepts for each trial. For males, the ORs for erythrocytosis were 3.51 (95% CI, 2.97-4.15) at 1 year and 2.84 (95% CI, 2.28-3.55) at 2 years and for anemia 0.36 (95% CI, 0.31-0.41) at 1 year and 0.35 (95% CI, 0.30-0.41) at 2 years. For females, the ORs for erythrocytosis were 5.48 (95% CI, 3.36-8.95) at 1 year and 4.23 (95% CI, 2.37-7.58) at 2 years and for anemia 0.44 (95% CI, 0.36-0.53) at 1 year and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.28-0.46) at 2 years. Anemia was defined as a hematocrit level of <39% in males or <36% in females. Erythrocytosis was defined as a hematocrit level of >49% in males or >48% in females.