scRNA-seq reveals dysregulated immunomodulatory pathways in cHL. (A) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) visualization of the obtained cell clusters in RLN (left) or cHL (right). The data set was generated by Aoki et al and downloaded from the European genome-phenome archive (cHL, n = 22; RLN, n = 5; 127 686 sequenced cells). (B) Heat map visualization of the scaled averaged gene expression of CD30 vs CD86, CD80, and PD-L1 measured by scRNA-seq. (C) UMAP plots visualizing the expression of CD86 (left) or CD30 (right) on the respective cell clusters. (D) Fold changes based on the differential abundance of the respective cell cluster between RLN (left) and cHL (right). (E-F) Heat map illustrating significantly upregulated genes of hallmark immune inhibitory pathways (E) and activating pathways (F) in cHL (red) or RLN (blue) as the result of DGE analysis within each cell subset. Markers were adapted from Chen and Flies50 with permission.