Interaction between DDR defects and antitumor immunity. DDR defects may promote antitumor immune responses through increased mutability and enhanced tumor antigenicity, as well as by inducing cGAS/STING signaling and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) response that result in the recruitment of immune effector cells. Tumor cells evade antitumor immunity, for example by upregulating the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint. DDR–targeting therapies such as MDM2 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, and ATR inhibitors (indicated by red arrows) could augment antitumor immunity and be used in conjunction with ICIs. Professional illustration by Patrick Lane, ScEYEnce Studios.