ALCAM expression in myeloma cells. Microarray-based analyses of ALCAM expression correlated MM clinical factors. From left to right (A), OS of MMRF CoMMpass patients for 3 years, 5 years, and Zhan’s patients for 3 years and 5 years; OS of postrelapse survival (B) in ALCAM^high vs ALCAM^low groups of patients with MM, analyzed using microarray datasets GSE9782 (ALCAM^high vs ALCAM^low groups of patients with MM are defined by the median value of ALCAM expression). (C) ALCAM expression in molecular clusters of MM. The molecular classification of MM includes 7 subgroups: PR (proliferation), LB (low bone disease), MS (MMSET), HY (hyperdiploid), CD-1 (CCND1 gene amplification), CD-2 (CCND3 gene amplification), and MF (MAF/MAFB gene amplification). The left panel is from the analysis of Broyl’s dataset (GSE19784); the right panel is from the analysis of Zhan’s dataset (GSE2658). (D) ALCAM expression in primary MM vs recurrent disease (GSE4452). (E) RT-PCR amplification of ALCAM transcript from 6 different primary MM cells. (F) Flow cytometry analysis of ALCAM expression in primary MM cells. (G) Immunohistochemistry staining of ALCAM in healthy BM and MM BM biopsies (2 of 5). (H) western blotting of ALCAM expression in different human MM cell lines, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines and primary MM CD138⁻ cells. (I) Flow cytometry analysis of ALCAM expression in MM CD138⁻ cells. The data were obtained from 3 independent experiments. Kaplan-Meier curves showing OS rates associated with ALCAM expression in MM, and tested by log-rank test (A,B). Two-tailed Student’s t test (D) or 1-way ANOVA (C) with multiple comparisons. *P < .05.