Characteristics of COVID-19 patients and control subjects
| Characteristics . | Control, n = 11 . | Mild/ asymptomatic, n = 6 . | Severe, n = 35 . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 53 (32-60) | 32 (30-34) | 57 (47-64) |
| Sex, male | 4 (28.6) | 2 (33.3) | 17 (48.6) |
| Respiratory support | |||
| Oxygen supplementation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (22.8) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 27 (77.1) |
| SAPS 3 | 60 (47-68) | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | — | — | 150 (101-258) |
| Vasopressor | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 16 (45.7) |
| Time from symptom onset to blood sample, d | — | 6 (1-12)† | 12 (8-17) |
| 28-d mortality | 0 (0) | 17 (48.6) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Obesity | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 7 (20) |
| Hypertension | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 18 (51.4)* |
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (22.9) |
| Cancer | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (8.6) |
| Heart disease‡ | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (8.6) |
| Presenting symptoms | |||
| Cough | 0 (0) | 3 (50) | 19 (73) |
| Fever | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 21 (81) |
| Dyspnea | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 22 (85) |
| Headache | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 5 (19) |
| Anosmia | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | 7 (27) |
| Laboratory findings on admission | |||
| Leukocytes, ×103/µL | — | — | 138.5 (101-190) |
| Lymphocytes, cells/µL | — | — | 1 136 (614-1 579) |
| Monocytes, cells/µL | — | — | 679.5 (489-890) |
| Platelet count, ×103/µL | — | — | 193 (153-263) |
| CRP, mg/dL§ | 0.11 (0.1-0.18) | 0.1 (0.1-0.11) | 15.2 (5.6-25.4)* |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL§ | 281 (236-312) | 229 (167-324) | 545 (375-582)* |
| D-dimer, ng/mL§ | 328 (227-456) | 192 (190-291) | 4 205 (2 319-14 179)* |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 9 (7-15) | 9 (7.75-9.25) | 39 (19- 86)* |
| Characteristics . | Control, n = 11 . | Mild/ asymptomatic, n = 6 . | Severe, n = 35 . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 53 (32-60) | 32 (30-34) | 57 (47-64) |
| Sex, male | 4 (28.6) | 2 (33.3) | 17 (48.6) |
| Respiratory support | |||
| Oxygen supplementation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (22.8) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 27 (77.1) |
| SAPS 3 | 60 (47-68) | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | — | — | 150 (101-258) |
| Vasopressor | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 16 (45.7) |
| Time from symptom onset to blood sample, d | — | 6 (1-12)† | 12 (8-17) |
| 28-d mortality | 0 (0) | 17 (48.6) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Obesity | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 7 (20) |
| Hypertension | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 18 (51.4)* |
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (22.9) |
| Cancer | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (8.6) |
| Heart disease‡ | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (8.6) |
| Presenting symptoms | |||
| Cough | 0 (0) | 3 (50) | 19 (73) |
| Fever | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 21 (81) |
| Dyspnea | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 22 (85) |
| Headache | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 5 (19) |
| Anosmia | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | 7 (27) |
| Laboratory findings on admission | |||
| Leukocytes, ×103/µL | — | — | 138.5 (101-190) |
| Lymphocytes, cells/µL | — | — | 1 136 (614-1 579) |
| Monocytes, cells/µL | — | — | 679.5 (489-890) |
| Platelet count, ×103/µL | — | — | 193 (153-263) |
| CRP, mg/dL§ | 0.11 (0.1-0.18) | 0.1 (0.1-0.11) | 15.2 (5.6-25.4)* |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL§ | 281 (236-312) | 229 (167-324) | 545 (375-582)* |
| D-dimer, ng/mL§ | 328 (227-456) | 192 (190-291) | 4 205 (2 319-14 179)* |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 9 (7-15) | 9 (7.75-9.25) | 39 (19- 86)* |
Numerical variables are represented as the median and the interquartile range, and qualitative variables are represented as the number and the percentage.
—, missing data; SAPS 3, Simplified Acute Physiology Score III.
P < .05 compared with control. The qualitative variables were compared using the 2-tailed Fisher exact test, and the numerical variables using the Student t test for parametric and the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric distributions.
Day of sample collection after the onset of symptoms was not computed for asymptomatic subjects.
Coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure.
Reference values of CRP (0.00-1.00), fibrinogen (238-498 mg/dL), and D-dimer (0-500 ng/mL).