Drugs

• Zidovudine

• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

• Amphotericin B

• Ganciclovir

• Dapsone

• Delavirdine

Deficiencies

• Erythropoietin

• Iron

• Folate

• Vitamin B12

• Infection

  • HIV

  • Parvovirus B19

  • Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Histoplasma capsulatum

Neoplasia

• Non-Hodgkin’s

• lymphoma Multiple myeloma

• Castleman’s disease

• Hodgkin’s disease

Miscellaneous

• Anemia of chronic disease

• Preexisting condition (sickle cell disease, thalassemia, etc.)

Hemolysis

• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMX], dapsone, primaquine)

• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Idiopathic

Drugs (ceftriaxone, indinavir, “Ecstasy”)

Infection (cytomegalovirus [CMV])

Gastrointestinal bleeding

• Kaposi’s sarcoma

• Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

• Infection (CMV, Candida)

Hypersplenism

• Infection

• Lymphoma

• Hemophagocytosis

• Cirrhosis (hepatitis B virus [HBV], hepatitis C virus [HCV])