Casual contact:

• Person who had remote contact with ill patient (such as same plane, same hotel).

• Surveillance:

• No special surveillance needed.

Close contact:

• Household contact, patient care providers, laboratory handlers, shaking hands, hugging.

• Surveillance:

• Temperature taken twice daily for 3 weeks with immediate reporting of fever or symptom to surveillance team.

High-risk contact:

• Mucous membrane contact (kissing, intercourse, penetrating injury with patient's excretions, secretions or blood).

• Surveillance:

• Twice daily temperature as above.

• Isolation with fever and treat as VHF until diagnosis excluded by culture.

• Consider post-exposure ribavirin prophylaxis, if sensitive virus such as any Arenaviridae or Bunyaviridae (except Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome).