Distribution by hemoglobin type in cases of uncomplicated and severe malaria
| . | Hemoglobin type, No. cases (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AA . | AC . | CC . | AS . | |
| Total with uncomplicated malaria | 392 (80.3) | 76 (15.6) | 7 (1.4) | 13 (2.7) |
| Ep < 1 × 105/μL (control cases) | 313 (80.1) | 62 (15.9) | 6 (1.5) | 10 (2.6) |
| Ep > 1 × 105/μL | 79 (81.4) | 14 (14.4) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (3.1) |
| Total with severe malaria | 61 (91.0) | 3 (4.5)3-150 | 0 | 3 (4.5) |
| Cerebral manifestations | 31 (91.2) | 1 (2.9)3-151 | 0 | 2 (5.9) |
| Severe anemia (hct<15%) | 12 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hyperparasitemia (Ep>5×105/μL) | 15 (83.3) | 1 (5.6) | 0 | 2 (11.1) |
| Respiratory distress or shock | 4 (66.7) | 1 (16.7) | 0 | 1 (16.7) |
| Severe prostration | 6 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| . | Hemoglobin type, No. cases (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AA . | AC . | CC . | AS . | |
| Total with uncomplicated malaria | 392 (80.3) | 76 (15.6) | 7 (1.4) | 13 (2.7) |
| Ep < 1 × 105/μL (control cases) | 313 (80.1) | 62 (15.9) | 6 (1.5) | 10 (2.6) |
| Ep > 1 × 105/μL | 79 (81.4) | 14 (14.4) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (3.1) |
| Total with severe malaria | 61 (91.0) | 3 (4.5)3-150 | 0 | 3 (4.5) |
| Cerebral manifestations | 31 (91.2) | 1 (2.9)3-151 | 0 | 2 (5.9) |
| Severe anemia (hct<15%) | 12 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hyperparasitemia (Ep>5×105/μL) | 15 (83.3) | 1 (5.6) | 0 | 2 (11.1) |
| Respiratory distress or shock | 4 (66.7) | 1 (16.7) | 0 | 1 (16.7) |
| Severe prostration | 6 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The hemoglobin type is significantly less frequent in severe cases compared with uncomplicated control cases. The OR of 0.22 (exact 95% CL, 0.04-0.74; Mantel-Haenszel summary chi-square test, P = .01) was calculated using the total of AC and CC versus the total of AA and AS hemoglobin types after stratification by age (0-2 years, 3-6 years, 7-15 years, or more than 16 years).
Hemoglobin type is significantly less frequent in cases with cerebral manifestations compared to uncomplicated control cases (Fisher exact test, P=.03).