Table 2.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cytokines in LCH Biopsies

Patient No.
Age/SexBiopsy Site Hematopoietic Growth FactorsRegulators of LymphocytesMediators of InflammationActivators of Effector Cells
IL-3 IL-7GM-CSF IL-2 IL-4 IL-10 IL-1α TNF-α IL-5IFN-γ
9408P025  1/M  Fibula  +  +  ++  ++ +  ND  ++  ++  +  ++  
S943463  5/F  Skull* +  +  +  ++  ++  +  +  ++  +  + 
9101115  5/F  Skull* +++  +  +  +++  ++  + +++  ++  +  ++  
94111100  5/M  Skull  +++ ++  +  ++  +  +  ++  ++  ++  ++  
9411139 8/M  Pelvis* +  ND  +  ++  ND  ND  ++ +  ND  +  
9408P022  9/M  Mastoid* +  +  + −  ND  +  ++  +  ++  +  
S926704  10/F Skull* ++  +  −  +++  +++  +  +++  ++ +  ++  
9101118  10/M  Femur* ++  +  +  ++ ++  +  +  ++  +  ++  
9407159  11/M  Skull +  −  +  ++  +  ND  +  ++  +  ++ 
9411142  11/M  Skull  −  −  +  ++  − −  +/−  +  −  −  
9209EE2  12/M  Skull ND  ND  +  ++  ND  −  +/−  ++  ND ND  
S93292  1/M  Lymph node* ++  +  +  ++ ND  +  ++  +  ++  +  
9307142  2/M  Lymph node* +  −  ND  ++  ND  +  +  ND  ND +  
R94101  2/F  Lymph node  ++  −  +  ++ ND  +  ++  ++  +++  +  
 
Source of cytokine (percentage)
 		LCH cells  0  0  33  0 0  50  100  0  0  33  
  T cells  50 0  33  100  100  0  0  100  100  33 
  Macrophages  50  100  33  0  0  50  0 0  0  33 
Patient No.
Age/SexBiopsy Site Hematopoietic Growth FactorsRegulators of LymphocytesMediators of InflammationActivators of Effector Cells
IL-3 IL-7GM-CSF IL-2 IL-4 IL-10 IL-1α TNF-α IL-5IFN-γ
9408P025  1/M  Fibula  +  +  ++  ++ +  ND  ++  ++  +  ++  
S943463  5/F  Skull* +  +  +  ++  ++  +  +  ++  +  + 
9101115  5/F  Skull* +++  +  +  +++  ++  + +++  ++  +  ++  
94111100  5/M  Skull  +++ ++  +  ++  +  +  ++  ++  ++  ++  
9411139 8/M  Pelvis* +  ND  +  ++  ND  ND  ++ +  ND  +  
9408P022  9/M  Mastoid* +  +  + −  ND  +  ++  +  ++  +  
S926704  10/F Skull* ++  +  −  +++  +++  +  +++  ++ +  ++  
9101118  10/M  Femur* ++  +  +  ++ ++  +  +  ++  +  ++  
9407159  11/M  Skull +  −  +  ++  +  ND  +  ++  +  ++ 
9411142  11/M  Skull  −  −  +  ++  − −  +/−  +  −  −  
9209EE2  12/M  Skull ND  ND  +  ++  ND  −  +/−  ++  ND ND  
S93292  1/M  Lymph node* ++  +  +  ++ ND  +  ++  +  ++  +  
9307142  2/M  Lymph node* +  −  ND  ++  ND  +  +  ND  ND +  
R94101  2/F  Lymph node  ++  −  +  ++ ND  +  ++  ++  +++  +  
 
Source of cytokine (percentage)
 		LCH cells  0  0  33  0 0  50  100  0  0  33  
  T cells  50 0  33  100  100  0  0  100  100  33 
  Macrophages  50  100  33  0  0  50  0 0  0  33 

Stainings were always performed in duplicate on separate glass slides and twice on different days (total of minimal 4 data points). The numbers of cells staining positive (actually producing the cytokine) were denoted as follows: +, moderate; ++, strong; +++, intense; −, absent.

Abbreviation: ND, not determinable, indicating that, after an initial staining for the complete cytokine set, the remaining tissue was not available in sufficient quantity or morphological quality for a reliable and complete repetition of the experiment.

*

In these specimens, eosinophils were clearly present and might be partially responsible for the production of certain cytokines (see Results).

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