Cause or Causes of Uremic Bleeding?
| Platelet abnormalities |
| Subnormal dense granule content |
| Reduction in intracellular ADP and serotonin |
| Impaired release of the platelet α-granule protein and β-thromboglobulin |
| Enhanced intracellular cAMP |
| Abnormal mobilization of platelet Ca2+ |
| Abnormal platelet arachidonic acid metabolism |
| Abnormal ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to different stimuli |
| Defective cyclooxygenase activity |
| Abnormality of the activation-dependent binding activity of GP IIb-IIIa |
| Uremic toxins, especially parathyroid hormone |
| Abnormal platelet-vessel wall interactions |
| Abnormal platelet adhesion |
| Increased formation of vascular PGI2 |
| Altered von Willebrand factor |
| Anemia |
| Altered blood rheology |
| Erythropoietin deficiency |
| Abnormal production of nitric oxide |
| Drug treatment |
| β-Lactam antibiotics |
| Third-generation cephalosporins |
| Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs |
| Platelet abnormalities |
| Subnormal dense granule content |
| Reduction in intracellular ADP and serotonin |
| Impaired release of the platelet α-granule protein and β-thromboglobulin |
| Enhanced intracellular cAMP |
| Abnormal mobilization of platelet Ca2+ |
| Abnormal platelet arachidonic acid metabolism |
| Abnormal ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to different stimuli |
| Defective cyclooxygenase activity |
| Abnormality of the activation-dependent binding activity of GP IIb-IIIa |
| Uremic toxins, especially parathyroid hormone |
| Abnormal platelet-vessel wall interactions |
| Abnormal platelet adhesion |
| Increased formation of vascular PGI2 |
| Altered von Willebrand factor |
| Anemia |
| Altered blood rheology |
| Erythropoietin deficiency |
| Abnormal production of nitric oxide |
| Drug treatment |
| β-Lactam antibiotics |
| Third-generation cephalosporins |
| Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs |