Functional similarities between HRG and other plasma proteins
| Functions . | HRG . | HMWK . | β2-GPI . | CRP . | SAP . | C1q . | MBL . | TSP-1 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heparin binding | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | $ | ✓ |
| Phospholipid binding | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| DNA/nuclear structure binding | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? |
| Autoantibody binding | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? |
| Antimicrobial activity | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Dying/dead cell clearance | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Regulates angiogenesis | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ |
| Regulated by plasmin cleavage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | # | # | # | # | ✓ |
| Regulates coagulation/fibrinolysis | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Phosphorylated ligand binding | ✓ | ? | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ? | ? |
| Regulated by divalent ions | Zinc | Zinc | ? | Calcium | Calcium | Calcium | Calcium | Calcium |
| Functions . | HRG . | HMWK . | β2-GPI . | CRP . | SAP . | C1q . | MBL . | TSP-1 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heparin binding | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | $ | ✓ |
| Phospholipid binding | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| DNA/nuclear structure binding | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? |
| Autoantibody binding | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? |
| Antimicrobial activity | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Dying/dead cell clearance | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Regulates angiogenesis | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ✓ |
| Regulated by plasmin cleavage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | # | # | # | # | ✓ |
| Regulates coagulation/fibrinolysis | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Phosphorylated ligand binding | ✓ | ? | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ? | ? |
| Regulated by divalent ions | Zinc | Zinc | ? | Calcium | Calcium | Calcium | Calcium | Calcium |
TSP-1 is present in the plasma at a relative low concentration and is secreted by fibroblasts, monocytes, and activated platelets.
✓ indicates a function that has been reported in the literature; #, regulated by other proteases (not plasmin); $, binds to chondroitin sulfate; β2-GPI, β2 glycoprotein I; CRP, C-reactive protein; HMWK, high-molecular-weight kininogen; HRG, histidine-rich glycoprotein; MBL, mannose binding lectin; SAP, serum amyloid protein; and TSP-1, thrombospondin-1.