Circulating platelet–RBC and platelet–WBC concentrations and ratios to free platelets
| Patient cohort and Plasmodium species . | Samples analyzed, n . | Platelet–RBC complexes . | Platelet–WBC complexes . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ×103/µL blood* . | Free platelet: complex ratio† . | ×103/µL blood‡ . | Free platelet: complex ratio¶ . | ||
| Papua | |||||
| Control patients | 17 | 13.6 (10.1-20.9) | 14.5 (10.3-18.8) | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) | 713 (425-1146) |
| P falciparum | 23 | 4.5 (3.0-7.2) | 16.6 (13.2-22.5) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 237 (147-451)*** |
| P vivax | 26 | 4.8 (3.0-7.7) | 17.2 (12.7-21.1) | 0.2 (0.2-0.3) | 393 (203-679)* |
| P malariae | 9 | 4.9 (3.6-6.5) | 18.5 (16.2-22.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 348 (199-674) |
| Mixed | 7 | 3.1 (2.5-9.7) | 17.9 (14.1-18.7) | 0.3 (0.1-0.5) | 287 (138-345)* |
| P value§ | <.0001 | .561 | .663 | .009 | |
| Sabah | |||||
| Control patients | 27 | 21.4 (11.2-27.6) | 18.2 (11.8-35.2) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 316 (216-448) |
| P falciparum | 12 | 6.0 (2.8-11.3)** | 14.6 (7.5-34.5) | 0.4 (0.1-0.6)**** | 391 (203-998) |
| P vivax | 78 | 6.8 (4.4-13.9)**** | 14.0 (6.1-26.2) | 0.8 (0.5-1.4) | 124 (66-209)**** |
| P knowlesi | 92 | 10.5 (5.4-18.3)* | 7.3 (4.0-13.2)**** | 0.6 (0.3-1.0)** | 118 (70-283)**** |
| P value§ | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .004 | |
| Patient cohort and Plasmodium species . | Samples analyzed, n . | Platelet–RBC complexes . | Platelet–WBC complexes . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ×103/µL blood* . | Free platelet: complex ratio† . | ×103/µL blood‡ . | Free platelet: complex ratio¶ . | ||
| Papua | |||||
| Control patients | 17 | 13.6 (10.1-20.9) | 14.5 (10.3-18.8) | 0.3 (0.2-0.4) | 713 (425-1146) |
| P falciparum | 23 | 4.5 (3.0-7.2) | 16.6 (13.2-22.5) | 0.2 (0.1-0.4) | 237 (147-451)*** |
| P vivax | 26 | 4.8 (3.0-7.7) | 17.2 (12.7-21.1) | 0.2 (0.2-0.3) | 393 (203-679)* |
| P malariae | 9 | 4.9 (3.6-6.5) | 18.5 (16.2-22.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 348 (199-674) |
| Mixed | 7 | 3.1 (2.5-9.7) | 17.9 (14.1-18.7) | 0.3 (0.1-0.5) | 287 (138-345)* |
| P value§ | <.0001 | .561 | .663 | .009 | |
| Sabah | |||||
| Control patients | 27 | 21.4 (11.2-27.6) | 18.2 (11.8-35.2) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 316 (216-448) |
| P falciparum | 12 | 6.0 (2.8-11.3)** | 14.6 (7.5-34.5) | 0.4 (0.1-0.6)**** | 391 (203-998) |
| P vivax | 78 | 6.8 (4.4-13.9)**** | 14.0 (6.1-26.2) | 0.8 (0.5-1.4) | 124 (66-209)**** |
| P knowlesi | 92 | 10.5 (5.4-18.3)* | 7.3 (4.0-13.2)**** | 0.6 (0.3-1.0)** | 118 (70-283)**** |
| P value§ | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .004 | |
All values are median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated.
Formula = ([%platelet–uRBCs from flow data] ÷ 102 × [RBC count from analyzer] × 106) + ([%platelet–iRBCs from flow data] ÷ 102 × [parasites/ µL]).
Formula = ([%platelet-WBCs from flow data] ÷ 102) × (WBC count from analyzer) × 103.
Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, significantly different from control patients (****P < .0001; ***P < .0005; **P < .005; *P < .05).