Table 2.

Multivariable models for primary end points: hospice enrollment at EOL and length of terminal hospice stay (N = 21 033)

Hospice enrollmentHospice length of stay*
RR95% CIPRR95% CIP
TD 1.08 1.04-1.12 <.001 0.49 0.44-0.54 <.001 
Leukemia histology       
 Acute Reference  <.001 Reference  .62 
 Chronic 0.82 0.79-0.85  0.97 0.87-1.09  
Age at diagnosis, y       
 65 to <70 Reference  <.001 Reference  <.001 
 70 to <75 1.08 1.01-1.15  1.23 1.02-1.49  
 75 to <80 1.24 1.16-1.32  1.28 1.06-1.53  
 80 to <85 1.35 1.27-1.44  1.38 1.15-1.65  
 ≥85 y 1.46 1.37-1.56  1.54 1.28-1.85  
Sex       
 Female Reference  <.001 Reference  <.034 
 Male 0.90 0.87-0.93  0.90 0.81-0.99  
Race/ethnicity       
 White non-Hispanic Reference  <.001 Reference  .47 
 White Hispanic 0.90 0.82-0.99  0.90 0.68-1.19  
 Black 0.84 0.78-0.91  0.89 0.71-1.11  
 Asian or other 0.65 0.57-0.73  0.85 0.65-1.10  
Marital status       
 Not married Reference  .11 Reference  .21 
 Married 1.03 0.99-1.06  0.92 0.83-1.02  
Baseline health indicators       
 Medicaid coinsurance 0.91 0.86-0.96 <.001 1.17 1.00-1.36 .046 
 Comorbidity index† 0.95 0.94-0.96 <.001 0.92 0.89-0.94 <.001 
 Poor performance status† 1.05 1.01-1.09 .006 1.03 0.93-1.14 <.61 
 Dementia† 1.14 1.08-1.20 <.001 1.54 1.33-1.79 <.001 
Poverty prevalence, %‡       
 0 to <5 Reference  .028 Reference  .27 
 5 to <10 0.98 0.94-1.02  1.11 0.98-1.25  
 10 to <20 1.01 0.96-1.05  1.10 0.97-1.24  
 ≥20 0.93 0.88-0.99  1.13 0.97-1.32  
 Unrecorded 1.05 0.97-1.14  1.24 0.96-1.60  
Population size‡       
 ≥1 million Reference  <.001 Reference  .004 
 250 000-1 million 1.10 1.06-1.14  1.12 1.01-1.24  
 <250 000 0.99 0.95-1.04  1.22 1.08-1.38  
Survival from diagnosis, mo       
 <6 Reference  .040 Reference  <.001 
 6 to <12 1.03 0.98-1.08  1.86 1.67-2.07  
 12 to <24 1.05 1.00-1.10  2.09 1.84-2.37  
 ≥24 mo 1.08 1.03-1.13  2.27 2.02-2.56  
Year of death§ 1.04 1.04-1.05 <.001 1.02 1.00-1.03 .011 
Hospice enrollmentHospice length of stay*
RR95% CIPRR95% CIP
TD 1.08 1.04-1.12 <.001 0.49 0.44-0.54 <.001 
Leukemia histology       
 Acute Reference  <.001 Reference  .62 
 Chronic 0.82 0.79-0.85  0.97 0.87-1.09  
Age at diagnosis, y       
 65 to <70 Reference  <.001 Reference  <.001 
 70 to <75 1.08 1.01-1.15  1.23 1.02-1.49  
 75 to <80 1.24 1.16-1.32  1.28 1.06-1.53  
 80 to <85 1.35 1.27-1.44  1.38 1.15-1.65  
 ≥85 y 1.46 1.37-1.56  1.54 1.28-1.85  
Sex       
 Female Reference  <.001 Reference  <.034 
 Male 0.90 0.87-0.93  0.90 0.81-0.99  
Race/ethnicity       
 White non-Hispanic Reference  <.001 Reference  .47 
 White Hispanic 0.90 0.82-0.99  0.90 0.68-1.19  
 Black 0.84 0.78-0.91  0.89 0.71-1.11  
 Asian or other 0.65 0.57-0.73  0.85 0.65-1.10  
Marital status       
 Not married Reference  .11 Reference  .21 
 Married 1.03 0.99-1.06  0.92 0.83-1.02  
Baseline health indicators       
 Medicaid coinsurance 0.91 0.86-0.96 <.001 1.17 1.00-1.36 .046 
 Comorbidity index† 0.95 0.94-0.96 <.001 0.92 0.89-0.94 <.001 
 Poor performance status† 1.05 1.01-1.09 .006 1.03 0.93-1.14 <.61 
 Dementia† 1.14 1.08-1.20 <.001 1.54 1.33-1.79 <.001 
Poverty prevalence, %‡       
 0 to <5 Reference  .028 Reference  .27 
 5 to <10 0.98 0.94-1.02  1.11 0.98-1.25  
 10 to <20 1.01 0.96-1.05  1.10 0.97-1.24  
 ≥20 0.93 0.88-0.99  1.13 0.97-1.32  
 Unrecorded 1.05 0.97-1.14  1.24 0.96-1.60  
Population size‡       
 ≥1 million Reference  <.001 Reference  .004 
 250 000-1 million 1.10 1.06-1.14  1.12 1.01-1.24  
 <250 000 0.99 0.95-1.04  1.22 1.08-1.38  
Survival from diagnosis, mo       
 <6 Reference  .040 Reference  <.001 
 6 to <12 1.03 0.98-1.08  1.86 1.67-2.07  
 12 to <24 1.05 1.00-1.10  2.09 1.84-2.37  
 ≥24 mo 1.08 1.03-1.13  2.27 2.02-2.56  
Year of death§ 1.04 1.04-1.05 <.001 1.02 1.00-1.03 .011 
*

Only the second equation (for time on hospice) from the 2-part model is shown for clarity.

†

Based on Medicare claims within 12 months prior to death or hospice enrollment.

‡

In patient’s county of residence, according to the US Department of Agriculture.

§

Linearized trend.

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