Comparison of recent prospective clinical BL studies from sub-Saharan Africa
| Study . | Countries . | Years . | Diagnosis method (%) . | Proportion of all cases comprising analytic sample, % . | Analytic sample, n . | Proportion of analytic sample LTFU, % . | Median f/u for analytic sample, mo . | Median or mean age, y . | HIV+, % . | Stage III/IV, % . | Median or mean Hb, g/dL . | Poor nutrition, % . | Poor PS, % . | Median LDH, IU/L . | CR, % . | 1-y OS, % . | TRM, % . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-intensity | |||||||||||||||||
| 32 | Burkina Faso | 2005-2008 | Cytology (75) | 69 | 178 | NR | NR | 7 | 0 | 76 | 9.9 | NR | NR | NR | 47 | 51 | 11 |
| Cameroon | Histology (25) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cote d’Ivoire | |||||||||||||||||
| Madagascar | |||||||||||||||||
| Mali | |||||||||||||||||
| Senegal | |||||||||||||||||
| 33 | Kenya | 2004-2009 | Cytology | NR | 356 | NR | NR | 7 | 5 | 70 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 76 | 67 | 9 |
| Nigeria | |||||||||||||||||
| Tanzania | |||||||||||||||||
| 34 | Malawi | 2010-2012 | Cytology | 72-100 | 70 | 11 | NR | 8 | 3 | 67 | 10.0 | 60 | NR | NR | 81 | 62 | 3-6 |
| With anthracyclines | |||||||||||||||||
| 23 | Malawi | 2013-2015 | Cytology (75) | 82 | 73 | 3 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 70 | 10.2 | 34 | 82 | 628 | NR | 40* | 16 |
| Histology (25) | |||||||||||||||||
| + telepathology | |||||||||||||||||
| 35 | Kenya | 2003-2011 | Cytology | 75 | 428 | 31 | NR | 7.5 | 0 | 53 | 10.0 | 20 | NR | 512 | NR | 45 | 22 |
| 36 | Malawi | 2012-2014 | Cytology + telepathology | 69-74 | 58 | 0 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 73 | NR | 43 | NR | NR | 72 | 73 | 12 |
| With high-dose methotrexate | |||||||||||||||||
| 39 | Cameroon | 2001-2004 | Cytology | 89 | 187 | NR | NR | 6 | 0 | 87 | NR | 39 | NR | NR | NR | 56 | NR |
| Madagascar | |||||||||||||||||
| Senegal | |||||||||||||||||
| 41 | Cameroon | 2008-2009 | Cytology (87) | NR | 127 | 3 | NR | 8 | 3 | 85 | 9.8 | 39 | NR | NR | 71 | 61 | 14-24 |
| Histology (5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Clinical (9) | |||||||||||||||||
| Study . | Countries . | Years . | Diagnosis method (%) . | Proportion of all cases comprising analytic sample, % . | Analytic sample, n . | Proportion of analytic sample LTFU, % . | Median f/u for analytic sample, mo . | Median or mean age, y . | HIV+, % . | Stage III/IV, % . | Median or mean Hb, g/dL . | Poor nutrition, % . | Poor PS, % . | Median LDH, IU/L . | CR, % . | 1-y OS, % . | TRM, % . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-intensity | |||||||||||||||||
| 32 | Burkina Faso | 2005-2008 | Cytology (75) | 69 | 178 | NR | NR | 7 | 0 | 76 | 9.9 | NR | NR | NR | 47 | 51 | 11 |
| Cameroon | Histology (25) | ||||||||||||||||
| Cote d’Ivoire | |||||||||||||||||
| Madagascar | |||||||||||||||||
| Mali | |||||||||||||||||
| Senegal | |||||||||||||||||
| 33 | Kenya | 2004-2009 | Cytology | NR | 356 | NR | NR | 7 | 5 | 70 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 76 | 67 | 9 |
| Nigeria | |||||||||||||||||
| Tanzania | |||||||||||||||||
| 34 | Malawi | 2010-2012 | Cytology | 72-100 | 70 | 11 | NR | 8 | 3 | 67 | 10.0 | 60 | NR | NR | 81 | 62 | 3-6 |
| With anthracyclines | |||||||||||||||||
| 23 | Malawi | 2013-2015 | Cytology (75) | 82 | 73 | 3 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 70 | 10.2 | 34 | 82 | 628 | NR | 40* | 16 |
| Histology (25) | |||||||||||||||||
| + telepathology | |||||||||||||||||
| 35 | Kenya | 2003-2011 | Cytology | 75 | 428 | 31 | NR | 7.5 | 0 | 53 | 10.0 | 20 | NR | 512 | NR | 45 | 22 |
| 36 | Malawi | 2012-2014 | Cytology + telepathology | 69-74 | 58 | 0 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 73 | NR | 43 | NR | NR | 72 | 73 | 12 |
| With high-dose methotrexate | |||||||||||||||||
| 39 | Cameroon | 2001-2004 | Cytology | 89 | 187 | NR | NR | 6 | 0 | 87 | NR | 39 | NR | NR | NR | 56 | NR |
| Madagascar | |||||||||||||||||
| Senegal | |||||||||||||||||
| 41 | Cameroon | 2008-2009 | Cytology (87) | NR | 127 | 3 | NR | 8 | 3 | 85 | 9.8 | 39 | NR | NR | 71 | 61 | 14-24 |
| Histology (5) | |||||||||||||||||
| Clinical (9) | |||||||||||||||||
CR, complete response; f/u, follow-up; Hb, hemoglobin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LTFU, loss to follow-up; NR, not reported; OS, overall survival; PS, performance status; TRM, treatment-related mortality.
Intention-to-treat analysis including deaths prior to cytotoxic treatment initiation.