Selected studies focusing on second malignancies after multiple myeloma
| Reference . | Study design (study period) . | No. of patients . | Any second malignancy, % . | Multiple myeloma to second malignancy, median time . | Hematologic malignancy, n (%) . | Solid tumor, n (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | Population-based registry study (1986-2005) | 8740 | 6.6 | 45.3 mo (AML/MDS) | 69 (0.8) | 508 (5.8) |
| 18 | Retrospective study, single institution (1997-2008) | 589 | 3 | 35 mo | 6 (1.0) | 12 (2.0) |
| 30* | Randomized phase 3 trial, maintenance lenalidomide vs placebo after high-dose melphalan/ASCT | 614 | 5.5 (lenalidomide maintenance); 1 (placebo) | 44 mo | Lenalidomide maintenance: † 11 (1.8); placebo arm:† 3 (0.5) | Lenalidomide maintenance:† 12 (2.0); placebo arm:† 3 (0.5) |
| 31* | Randomized phase 3 trial, maintenance lenalidomide vs placebo after high-dose melphalan/ASCT | 460 | 6.5 (lenalidomide maintenance); 2.6 (placebo) | 17.5 mo after ASCT | Lenalidomide maintenance:† 8 (1.7); placebo arm:† 0 (0) | Lenalidomide maintenance:† 10 (2.2); placebo arm:† 4 (0.9) |
| 32* | Randomized phase 3 trial, maintenance lenalidomide vs placebo after low-dose melphalan/prednisone with or without lenalidomide | 459 | 3.9 (lenalidomide maintenance); 1.3 (placebo) | 25 mo | MPR-R arm:† 7 (1.5); MPR arm:† 5 (1.1); MP arm:† 1 (0.2) | MPR-R: 5 (1.1);† MPR:† 4 (0.9); MP:† 3 (0.7) |
| 19 | Retrospective study, single institution (1989-2007) | 2418 | 1.1 | NR | 26 (1.1) | NR |
| 20 | Retrospective study, single institution (1996-2005) | 82 | 12.2 | 50 mo | 10 (12.2) | NR |
| 14 | Population-based registry study (1958-1996) | 8656 | 5.5 | 2.9 y | 83 (1.0) | 392 (4.5) |
| 13 | Retrospective study based on patients from clinical trials (1979-1985) | 432 | 9.2 | 37 mo (solid tumors) 56 mo (acute leukemia) | 17 (3.9) | 23 (5.3) |
| 21 | Prospective study (NR) | 188 | 3.8 | 63 mo | 7 (3.8) | NR |
| 22 | Retrospective study based on patients from clinical trials (1964-1975) | 648 | 1.9 | 82 mo | 12 (1.9) | NR |
| 11 | Prospective study (1973-1977) | 364 | 3.8 | NR | 14 (3.8) | NR |
| 10 | Case series (1965-1966) | 3 | NA | 45 mo | 3 (NA) | NR |
| 71 | Case series (1950-1966) | 6 | NA | 10 y | 1 (NA) | NR |
| 8 | Retrospective study, multi-institution (1932-1963) | 310 | 2.3 | NR | 7 (2.3) | NR |
| Reference . | Study design (study period) . | No. of patients . | Any second malignancy, % . | Multiple myeloma to second malignancy, median time . | Hematologic malignancy, n (%) . | Solid tumor, n (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | Population-based registry study (1986-2005) | 8740 | 6.6 | 45.3 mo (AML/MDS) | 69 (0.8) | 508 (5.8) |
| 18 | Retrospective study, single institution (1997-2008) | 589 | 3 | 35 mo | 6 (1.0) | 12 (2.0) |
| 30* | Randomized phase 3 trial, maintenance lenalidomide vs placebo after high-dose melphalan/ASCT | 614 | 5.5 (lenalidomide maintenance); 1 (placebo) | 44 mo | Lenalidomide maintenance: † 11 (1.8); placebo arm:† 3 (0.5) | Lenalidomide maintenance:† 12 (2.0); placebo arm:† 3 (0.5) |
| 31* | Randomized phase 3 trial, maintenance lenalidomide vs placebo after high-dose melphalan/ASCT | 460 | 6.5 (lenalidomide maintenance); 2.6 (placebo) | 17.5 mo after ASCT | Lenalidomide maintenance:† 8 (1.7); placebo arm:† 0 (0) | Lenalidomide maintenance:† 10 (2.2); placebo arm:† 4 (0.9) |
| 32* | Randomized phase 3 trial, maintenance lenalidomide vs placebo after low-dose melphalan/prednisone with or without lenalidomide | 459 | 3.9 (lenalidomide maintenance); 1.3 (placebo) | 25 mo | MPR-R arm:† 7 (1.5); MPR arm:† 5 (1.1); MP arm:† 1 (0.2) | MPR-R: 5 (1.1);† MPR:† 4 (0.9); MP:† 3 (0.7) |
| 19 | Retrospective study, single institution (1989-2007) | 2418 | 1.1 | NR | 26 (1.1) | NR |
| 20 | Retrospective study, single institution (1996-2005) | 82 | 12.2 | 50 mo | 10 (12.2) | NR |
| 14 | Population-based registry study (1958-1996) | 8656 | 5.5 | 2.9 y | 83 (1.0) | 392 (4.5) |
| 13 | Retrospective study based on patients from clinical trials (1979-1985) | 432 | 9.2 | 37 mo (solid tumors) 56 mo (acute leukemia) | 17 (3.9) | 23 (5.3) |
| 21 | Prospective study (NR) | 188 | 3.8 | 63 mo | 7 (3.8) | NR |
| 22 | Retrospective study based on patients from clinical trials (1964-1975) | 648 | 1.9 | 82 mo | 12 (1.9) | NR |
| 11 | Prospective study (1973-1977) | 364 | 3.8 | NR | 14 (3.8) | NR |
| 10 | Case series (1965-1966) | 3 | NA | 45 mo | 3 (NA) | NR |
| 71 | Case series (1950-1966) | 6 | NA | 10 y | 1 (NA) | NR |
| 8 | Retrospective study, multi-institution (1932-1963) | 310 | 2.3 | NR | 7 (2.3) | NR |
MPR-R indicates melphalan/prednisone, revlimid (lenalidomide), with revlimid maintenance; MPR, melphalan/prednisone, revlimid (lenalidomide), without revlimid maintenance; MP, melphalan/prednisone, without revlimid maintenance; NR, not reported; and NA, not applicable.
These results come from interim analyses presented at the American Society of Hematology meeting, Orlando, FL, December 4-7, 2010.
Updated numbers from presentations at the International Myeloma Workshop in Paris, France, May 3-6, 2011. At this time, the final analyses and written reports have not yet been published.