Table 3 Autoimmunity associated with... | American Society of Hematology

Table 3

Autoimmunity associated with cytokine administration in cancer in humans

Cytokine administered	Cancer targeted	Autoimmune events	Reference(s)
IFN-α	Chronic myeloid leukemia	Thyroditis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus associated with autoantibodies, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, acute pancreatitis, hyperthyroidism, aggravation of psoriasis	51,107,,–110
IFN-α	Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	Psoriasis	111
IFN-α	Mid-gut carcinoid tumors	Systemic lupus erythematosus, pernicious anemia, thyroid disease	112
IFN-α2b	Melanoma	Hypothyroidism	113
IFN-α2b and piroxicam	Melanoma	Vitiligo, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis	114
GM-CSF with gp100 and tyrosinase peptides	Melanoma	Vitiligo	115
IL-2	RCC	Hypothyroidism, myasthenia gravis, diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent), and myositis	62,–64,116
IL-2	Melanoma	Vitiligo	67
IL-2	Colorectal cancer	Diabetes mellitus	117
IL-2 and IFN-γ	RCC	Autoantibodies against erythrocytes	65
IL-2 and IFN-α2b	RCC, melanoma	Antithyroid antibodies, hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis	63,118,119

Cytokine administered	Cancer targeted	Autoimmune events	Reference(s)
IFN-α	Chronic myeloid leukemia	Thyroditis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus associated with autoantibodies, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, acute pancreatitis, hyperthyroidism, aggravation of psoriasis	51,107,,–110
IFN-α	Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	Psoriasis	111
IFN-α	Mid-gut carcinoid tumors	Systemic lupus erythematosus, pernicious anemia, thyroid disease	112
IFN-α2b	Melanoma	Hypothyroidism	113
IFN-α2b and piroxicam	Melanoma	Vitiligo, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis	114
GM-CSF with gp100 and tyrosinase peptides	Melanoma	Vitiligo	115
IL-2	RCC	Hypothyroidism, myasthenia gravis, diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent), and myositis	62,–64,116
IL-2	Melanoma	Vitiligo	67
IL-2	Colorectal cancer	Diabetes mellitus	117
IL-2 and IFN-γ	RCC	Autoantibodies against erythrocytes	65
IL-2 and IFN-α2b	RCC, melanoma	Antithyroid antibodies, hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis	63,118,119

GM-CSF indicates granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; and IL-2, interleukin-2.