Clinical characteristics by FLC abnormality in 339 patients
| . | Normal FLC (n = 176; 51%) . | Polyclonal FLC elevation (n = 52; 15%) . | Monoclonal FLC elevation (n = 57; 17%) . | Ratio-only FLC abnormality (n = 54; 17%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median κ, mg/dL (range) | 1.0 (0.2-1.9) | 2.5 (1.1-5.6) | 3.0 (0.2-73.2) | 1.2 (0.02-1.9) |
| Median λ, mg/dL (range) | 1.1 (0.2-2.4) | 2.5 (1.0-7.0) | 1.1 (0.2-17.4) | 0.8 (0.01-2.1) |
| Median κ + λ, mg/dL (range) | 2.3 (0.4-4.1) | 5.0 (3.1-11.7) | 4.9 (2.4-74.4) | 1.7 (0.7-2.9) |
| Age > 60 y, n (%) | 101 (58) | 41 (80)† | 39 (67) | 28 (50) |
| Male, n (%) | 113 (64) | 36 (69) | 44 (77) | 33 (61) |
| κ tumor light chain, n (%) | 76 (52) | 21 (53) | 38 (79)‡ | 34 (69)* |
| PS > 0, n (%) | 14 (8) | 13 (25)† | 8 (14) | 2 (4) |
| Elevated creatinine level, n (%) | 11 (6) | 13 (25)‡ | 7 (12) | 1 (2) |
| Rai stage | ||||
| 0, n (%) | 103 (59) | 23 (45)* | 17 (30)§ | 25 (46)* |
| 1, n (%) | 69 (39) | 23 (45) | 27 (47) | 23 (43) |
| 2-4, n (%) | 4 (2) | 5 (10) | 13 (23) | 6 (11) |
| ALC | ||||
| < 20 × 109/L, n (%) | 143 (82) | 40 (77) | 28 (49)§ | 37 (70)* |
| 20-50 × 109/L, n (%) | 25 (14) | 9 (17) | 15 (26) | 9 (17) |
| > 50 × 109/L, n (%) | 7 (4) | 3 (6) | 14 (25) | 7 (13) |
| B2M level | ||||
| < ULN, n (%) | 36 (23) | 3 (7)§ | 1 (2)§ | 14 (27) |
| 1-2 times ULN, n (%) | 115 (72) | 19 (42) | 29 (57) | 34 (67) |
| > 2 times ULN, n (%) | 8 (5) | 23 (51) | 21 (42) | 3 (6) |
| CD38+, n (%) | 27 (18) | 13 (30) | 24 (49)§ | 14 (29) |
| CD49d+, n (%) | 15 (19) | 7 (28) | 18 (49)‡ | 11 (41)* |
| ZAP-70+, n (%) | 31 (22) | 8 (20) | 23 (49)‡ | 14 (32) |
| IGHV unmutated, n (%) | 29 (24) | 13 (37) | 26 (55)§ | 15 (33) |
| High-risk FISH, n (%) | 8 (6) | 8 (22)† | 10 (22)‡ | 5 (11) |
| . | Normal FLC (n = 176; 51%) . | Polyclonal FLC elevation (n = 52; 15%) . | Monoclonal FLC elevation (n = 57; 17%) . | Ratio-only FLC abnormality (n = 54; 17%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median κ, mg/dL (range) | 1.0 (0.2-1.9) | 2.5 (1.1-5.6) | 3.0 (0.2-73.2) | 1.2 (0.02-1.9) |
| Median λ, mg/dL (range) | 1.1 (0.2-2.4) | 2.5 (1.0-7.0) | 1.1 (0.2-17.4) | 0.8 (0.01-2.1) |
| Median κ + λ, mg/dL (range) | 2.3 (0.4-4.1) | 5.0 (3.1-11.7) | 4.9 (2.4-74.4) | 1.7 (0.7-2.9) |
| Age > 60 y, n (%) | 101 (58) | 41 (80)† | 39 (67) | 28 (50) |
| Male, n (%) | 113 (64) | 36 (69) | 44 (77) | 33 (61) |
| κ tumor light chain, n (%) | 76 (52) | 21 (53) | 38 (79)‡ | 34 (69)* |
| PS > 0, n (%) | 14 (8) | 13 (25)† | 8 (14) | 2 (4) |
| Elevated creatinine level, n (%) | 11 (6) | 13 (25)‡ | 7 (12) | 1 (2) |
| Rai stage | ||||
| 0, n (%) | 103 (59) | 23 (45)* | 17 (30)§ | 25 (46)* |
| 1, n (%) | 69 (39) | 23 (45) | 27 (47) | 23 (43) |
| 2-4, n (%) | 4 (2) | 5 (10) | 13 (23) | 6 (11) |
| ALC | ||||
| < 20 × 109/L, n (%) | 143 (82) | 40 (77) | 28 (49)§ | 37 (70)* |
| 20-50 × 109/L, n (%) | 25 (14) | 9 (17) | 15 (26) | 9 (17) |
| > 50 × 109/L, n (%) | 7 (4) | 3 (6) | 14 (25) | 7 (13) |
| B2M level | ||||
| < ULN, n (%) | 36 (23) | 3 (7)§ | 1 (2)§ | 14 (27) |
| 1-2 times ULN, n (%) | 115 (72) | 19 (42) | 29 (57) | 34 (67) |
| > 2 times ULN, n (%) | 8 (5) | 23 (51) | 21 (42) | 3 (6) |
| CD38+, n (%) | 27 (18) | 13 (30) | 24 (49)§ | 14 (29) |
| CD49d+, n (%) | 15 (19) | 7 (28) | 18 (49)‡ | 11 (41)* |
| ZAP-70+, n (%) | 31 (22) | 8 (20) | 23 (49)‡ | 14 (32) |
| IGHV unmutated, n (%) | 29 (24) | 13 (37) | 26 (55)§ | 15 (33) |
| High-risk FISH, n (%) | 8 (6) | 8 (22)† | 10 (22)‡ | 5 (11) |
PS indicates Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score; ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; ULN, upper limit of normal; and IGHV unmutated includes VH-321 for risk assessment, High-risk FISH, 17p−, 11q−.
P < .05 compared with the normal FLC group.
P < .01 compared with the normal FLC group.
P < .001 compared with the normal FLC group.
P < .0001 when compared with the normal FLC group.