Characteristics of studies that assessed the prevalence of anti-phospholipid antibodies in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology
| Study . | Design . | Anti-phospholipid antibodies . | Participants . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balasch (1996)25 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: repeated unexplained IVF failure (n = 40); controls: healthy women (n = 125); women in labor after normal pregnancies at term (n = 52); live birth after the first IVF attempt (n = 49) |
| Balasch (1999)26 | Case-control | LA, ACA, β2-GPI | Cases: repeated unexplained IVF failure (n = 75); controls: healthy women (n = 100); live birth after the first IVF attempt (n = 60) |
| Bellver (2008)18 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: repeated unexplained IVF failure (n = 26); controls: healthy women (n = 32) |
| Birdsall (1996)27 | Retrospective cohort | ACA, APS | Less than 3 previous IVF failures (n = 240) |
| Birkenfeld (1994)28 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: ≥ 1 IVF failures (n = 56); controls: healthy women or live birth after IVF attempt (n = 14) |
| Buckingham (2006)29 | Prospective cohort | ACA, β2-GPI, APS | Women undergoing IVF treatment (n = 99) |
| Caccavo (2007)30 | Prospective cohort | ACA | Women undergoing their first IVF (n = 50) |
| Chilcott (2000)31 | Prospective cohort | LA, ACA, β2-GPI, APS | Women undergoing IVF (n = 380) |
| Coulam (1997)32 | Case-control | ACA, APA, APC, APE, API, APG, APS | Cases: ≥ 1 IVF failures (n = 312); controls: healthy women (n = 100) |
| Coulam (2002)33 | Case-control | ACA | Cases: IVF failure (n = 122); controls: pregnancy after IVF (n = 20) |
| Geva (1994)34 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: chemical pregnancies and no deliveries (n = 21); controls: patients who had conceived and delivered after IVF (n = 21) |
| Geva (1995)35 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: ≥ 3 IVF failures (n = 50); controls: live birth after ≤ 3 IVF attempts (n = 40) |
| Eldar-Geva (1999)36 | Case-control | LA, ACA, APA, APE, API, APG, APS | Cases: ≥ 2 IVF failures (n = 96); controls: live birth after IVF (n = 45) |
| El-Roeiy (1987)37 | Prospective cohort | ACA, APS | Women undergoing IVF (n = 26) |
| Gleicher (1994)38 | Retrospective cohort | APL | Randomly chosen women who had undergone IVF (n = 105) |
| Kaider (1996)39 | Case-control | ACA, APA, APC, APE, APG, API, APS | Cases: repeated IVF failures (n = 42); controls: live birth after IVF (n = 42) |
| Kaider (1999)40 | Case-control | APL, LA | Cases: repeated IVF failures (n = 122); controls: healthy women (n = 20) |
| Kowalik (1997)41 | Retrospective cohort | ACA, APS | Women undergoing IVF (n = 570) |
| Kutteh (1997)42 | Case-control | APL | Cases: women undergoing their first cycle of IVF (n = 79);* controls: healthy women (n = 200) |
| Lucena (1999)43 | Case-control | LA, ACA, APE, APS, APG, APA, API | Cases: women undergoing IVF (n = 162); controls: healthy women (n = 35) |
| Martinelli (2003)9 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: ≥ 1 IVF failures (n = 162); controls: healthy women (n = 234). |
| Martinuzzo (2005)19 | Case-control | LA, ACA, β2-GPI | Cases: ≥ 2 IVF failures (n = 48); controls: healthy women (n = 80) |
| Putowski (2004)44 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: repeated IVF failure (n = 17); controls: live birth after IVF (n = 10) |
| Qublan (2006)20 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: ≥ 3 IVF failures (n = 90); controls: live birth after first IVF attempt (n = 90); healthy women (n = 100) |
| Sanmarco (2007)45 | Case-control | LA, ACA, β2-GPI, APE | Cases: ≥ 3 IVF failures (n = 101);* controls: healthy women (n = 160) |
| Sher (1994)10 | Prospective cohort | APL | Women undergoing IVF (n = 260) |
| Stern (1998)46 | Case-control | LA; ACA, β2-GPI, APE, API, APS | Cases: repeated IVF failures (n = 105); controls: healthy women (n = 106) |
| Vaquero (2006)24 | Case-control | APL, LA, ACA, β2-GPI | Cases: ≥ 2 IVF failures (n = 59); controls: healthy women (n = 20) |
| Study . | Design . | Anti-phospholipid antibodies . | Participants . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balasch (1996)25 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: repeated unexplained IVF failure (n = 40); controls: healthy women (n = 125); women in labor after normal pregnancies at term (n = 52); live birth after the first IVF attempt (n = 49) |
| Balasch (1999)26 | Case-control | LA, ACA, β2-GPI | Cases: repeated unexplained IVF failure (n = 75); controls: healthy women (n = 100); live birth after the first IVF attempt (n = 60) |
| Bellver (2008)18 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: repeated unexplained IVF failure (n = 26); controls: healthy women (n = 32) |
| Birdsall (1996)27 | Retrospective cohort | ACA, APS | Less than 3 previous IVF failures (n = 240) |
| Birkenfeld (1994)28 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: ≥ 1 IVF failures (n = 56); controls: healthy women or live birth after IVF attempt (n = 14) |
| Buckingham (2006)29 | Prospective cohort | ACA, β2-GPI, APS | Women undergoing IVF treatment (n = 99) |
| Caccavo (2007)30 | Prospective cohort | ACA | Women undergoing their first IVF (n = 50) |
| Chilcott (2000)31 | Prospective cohort | LA, ACA, β2-GPI, APS | Women undergoing IVF (n = 380) |
| Coulam (1997)32 | Case-control | ACA, APA, APC, APE, API, APG, APS | Cases: ≥ 1 IVF failures (n = 312); controls: healthy women (n = 100) |
| Coulam (2002)33 | Case-control | ACA | Cases: IVF failure (n = 122); controls: pregnancy after IVF (n = 20) |
| Geva (1994)34 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: chemical pregnancies and no deliveries (n = 21); controls: patients who had conceived and delivered after IVF (n = 21) |
| Geva (1995)35 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: ≥ 3 IVF failures (n = 50); controls: live birth after ≤ 3 IVF attempts (n = 40) |
| Eldar-Geva (1999)36 | Case-control | LA, ACA, APA, APE, API, APG, APS | Cases: ≥ 2 IVF failures (n = 96); controls: live birth after IVF (n = 45) |
| El-Roeiy (1987)37 | Prospective cohort | ACA, APS | Women undergoing IVF (n = 26) |
| Gleicher (1994)38 | Retrospective cohort | APL | Randomly chosen women who had undergone IVF (n = 105) |
| Kaider (1996)39 | Case-control | ACA, APA, APC, APE, APG, API, APS | Cases: repeated IVF failures (n = 42); controls: live birth after IVF (n = 42) |
| Kaider (1999)40 | Case-control | APL, LA | Cases: repeated IVF failures (n = 122); controls: healthy women (n = 20) |
| Kowalik (1997)41 | Retrospective cohort | ACA, APS | Women undergoing IVF (n = 570) |
| Kutteh (1997)42 | Case-control | APL | Cases: women undergoing their first cycle of IVF (n = 79);* controls: healthy women (n = 200) |
| Lucena (1999)43 | Case-control | LA, ACA, APE, APS, APG, APA, API | Cases: women undergoing IVF (n = 162); controls: healthy women (n = 35) |
| Martinelli (2003)9 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: ≥ 1 IVF failures (n = 162); controls: healthy women (n = 234). |
| Martinuzzo (2005)19 | Case-control | LA, ACA, β2-GPI | Cases: ≥ 2 IVF failures (n = 48); controls: healthy women (n = 80) |
| Putowski (2004)44 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: repeated IVF failure (n = 17); controls: live birth after IVF (n = 10) |
| Qublan (2006)20 | Case-control | LA, ACA | Cases: ≥ 3 IVF failures (n = 90); controls: live birth after first IVF attempt (n = 90); healthy women (n = 100) |
| Sanmarco (2007)45 | Case-control | LA, ACA, β2-GPI, APE | Cases: ≥ 3 IVF failures (n = 101);* controls: healthy women (n = 160) |
| Sher (1994)10 | Prospective cohort | APL | Women undergoing IVF (n = 260) |
| Stern (1998)46 | Case-control | LA; ACA, β2-GPI, APE, API, APS | Cases: repeated IVF failures (n = 105); controls: healthy women (n = 106) |
| Vaquero (2006)24 | Case-control | APL, LA, ACA, β2-GPI | Cases: ≥ 2 IVF failures (n = 59); controls: healthy women (n = 20) |
LA indicates lupus anticoagulant; ACA, anti-cardiolipin; β2-GPI, β2-glycoprotein; APS, anti-phosphatidylserine; APA, anti-phosphatidic acid; APC, anti-phosphatidylcholine; APE, anti-phosphatidylethanolamine; API, anti-phosphatidylinositol; APG, anti-phosphatidylglycerol; and APL, anti-phospholipid antibodies (antibody subtype not specified).
Cases followed prospectively to assess pregnancy outcomes.