Mechanisms of immune escape in FL and DLBCL
| Immune defect . | Proposed mechanisms . |
|---|---|
| Immune evasion | |
| Lack of recognition by CD4pos T cells | Loss of MHC class II |
| • MHC class II deletion | |
| • CREBBP mutations | |
| • Plasmablastic differentiation | |
| • Mutational landscape evolution | |
| Lack of recognition by CD8pos T cells | Loss of MHC class I |
| • β2M mutation or deletion | |
| • Mutational landscape evolution | |
| Lack of recognition by NK cells | Loss of CD58 |
| • Mutation or deletion | |
| Decreased phagocytosis | Overexpression of CD47 |
| Immune subversion | |
| Impaired T/NK activity | Expression of inhibitory molecules (CD200, PD-L1, HVEM, LLT1) |
| Production of IL-12 and TGF-β | |
| Production of IDO and IL4I1 | |
| Treg/Tfr amplification | Production of CCL22 |
| Expression of CD70, CD80/CD86, ICOSL, TGF-β | |
| Amplification of myeloid suppressive cells | Production of IL-10 |
| Amplification of suppressive nonhematopoietic cells (endothelial, stromal) | Unknown |
| Immune defect . | Proposed mechanisms . |
|---|---|
| Immune evasion | |
| Lack of recognition by CD4pos T cells | Loss of MHC class II |
| • MHC class II deletion | |
| • CREBBP mutations | |
| • Plasmablastic differentiation | |
| • Mutational landscape evolution | |
| Lack of recognition by CD8pos T cells | Loss of MHC class I |
| • β2M mutation or deletion | |
| • Mutational landscape evolution | |
| Lack of recognition by NK cells | Loss of CD58 |
| • Mutation or deletion | |
| Decreased phagocytosis | Overexpression of CD47 |
| Immune subversion | |
| Impaired T/NK activity | Expression of inhibitory molecules (CD200, PD-L1, HVEM, LLT1) |
| Production of IL-12 and TGF-β | |
| Production of IDO and IL4I1 | |
| Treg/Tfr amplification | Production of CCL22 |
| Expression of CD70, CD80/CD86, ICOSL, TGF-β | |
| Amplification of myeloid suppressive cells | Production of IL-10 |
| Amplification of suppressive nonhematopoietic cells (endothelial, stromal) | Unknown |
β2M, β2-microglobulin; IL, interleukin; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; Tfr, follicular regulatory T cells; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; Treg, regulatory T cells.