Three epidemiologically distinct forms of Burkitt lymphoma (BL).
| Form of BL . | Geographic location . | Incidence, per 100,000/y . | % EBV association . | Cofactors . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Endemic BL (e-BL) occurs where Plasmodium falciparum malaria is holoendemic; incidence rates from African data. | ||||
| †Values for sporadic BL incidence and EBV association vary with location worldwide. In Northern Europe and the U.S., the disease occurs with 100-fold lower incidence than e-BL, and 15–20% tumors are EBV+. In some other areas (North Africa, North Brazil) incidence is only 10-fold lower than e-BL, and 85% of tumors are EBV+. | ||||
| ‡Values are based on data from untreated AIDS cohorts in the early years of the AIDS epidemic in the U.S. and Europe. | ||||
| Endemic* | Equatorial Africa and Papua New Guinea | 5-10, for age 3-12 y | 100 | Holoendemic malaria |
| Sporadic† | Worldwide, varies with location | 10- to100-fold less than e-BL | 15-85 | ? |
| AIDS-assoc‡ | Worldwide, data from untreated HIV carriers | 10- to 100-fold more than e-BL | 30-40 | HIV |
| Form of BL . | Geographic location . | Incidence, per 100,000/y . | % EBV association . | Cofactors . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Endemic BL (e-BL) occurs where Plasmodium falciparum malaria is holoendemic; incidence rates from African data. | ||||
| †Values for sporadic BL incidence and EBV association vary with location worldwide. In Northern Europe and the U.S., the disease occurs with 100-fold lower incidence than e-BL, and 15–20% tumors are EBV+. In some other areas (North Africa, North Brazil) incidence is only 10-fold lower than e-BL, and 85% of tumors are EBV+. | ||||
| ‡Values are based on data from untreated AIDS cohorts in the early years of the AIDS epidemic in the U.S. and Europe. | ||||
| Endemic* | Equatorial Africa and Papua New Guinea | 5-10, for age 3-12 y | 100 | Holoendemic malaria |
| Sporadic† | Worldwide, varies with location | 10- to100-fold less than e-BL | 15-85 | ? |
| AIDS-assoc‡ | Worldwide, data from untreated HIV carriers | 10- to 100-fold more than e-BL | 30-40 | HIV |