Characteristics of the patient population
Variables . | Down syndrome, no. (%) . | No Down syndrome, no. (%) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis of ALL | .09 | ||
| Less than 1 y | 0 (0) | 217 (2.6) | |
| 1 y to 9 y | 137 (76.5) | 6222 (75.3) | |
| 10 y or older | 42 (23.5) | 1822 (22.1) | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| CNS disease at diagnosis | 4 (2.2) | 240 (2.9) | .8 |
| Initial WBC count above 50 × 109/L | 28 (15.6) | 1813 (21.9) | .1 |
| Initial platelet count above 50 × 109/L | 108 (60.7) | 3901 (47.2) | <.001 |
| Initial Hb below 100 g/L | 125 (69.8) | 6468 (78.7) | .006 |
| Mediastinal mass | 10 (5.6) | 795 (9.6) | .09 |
| Lymph nodes | 72 (40.2) | 4096 (49.6) | .02 |
| Enlarged spleen | 68 (38) | 4499 (54.4) | <.001 |
| Enlarged liver | 92 (51.4) | 4466 (54.1) | .5 |
| National Cancer Institute risk categories | .2 | ||
| Standard risk | 118 (65.9) | 5009 (60.6) | |
| High risk | 61 (34.1) | 3259 (39.4) | |
| Lineage, n = 4931 | .05 | ||
| B-cell | 94 (92.2) | 4082 (84.5) | |
| T-cell | 8 (7.8) | 747 (15.5) | |
| Chromosomal abnormality | .04 | ||
| Normal | 15 (45.5) | 582 (30.3) | |
| Hypodiploid | 4 (12.1) | 111 (5.8) | |
| Pseudodiploid | 7 (18.2) | 534 (27.8) | |
| Hyperdiploid, 47-50 | 5 (15.2) | 203 (10.6) | |
| High hyperdiploid, above 50 | 4 (9.1) | 491 (25.5) | |
| t(9;22) | 0 (0) | 44 (4.3) | .4 |
| t(4;11) | 0 (0) | 42 (4.1) | |
| Early response day 7 marrow | .7 | ||
| M1 (more than 25% blasts) | 36 (46.8) | 1949 (51.5) | |
| M2 (5%-25% blasts) | 20 (26) | 873 (23.1) | |
| M3 (less than 5% blasts) | 21 (27.3) | 964 (25.5) | |
| Induction results, n = 4807 | |||
| Failure, entire cohort | 6 (5.8) | 70 (1.5) | .002 |
| Failure, standard-risk | 2.9 | 0.3 | .008 |
| Failure, high-risk | 3.1 | 1.4 | .9 |
| Events | |||
| No. patients (%) | 70 (39.1) | 2414 (29.2) | .004 |
| Nature of events, n = 4903 | .02 | ||
| No events | 76 (73.1) | 3661 (76.3) | |
| Death in induction | 3 (2.9) | 40 (0.8) | |
| Induction failure | 3 (2.9) | 37 (0.8) | |
| Marrow relapse | 11 (10.6) | 643 (13.4) | |
| CNS relapse | 3 (2.9) | 203 (4.2) | |
| Testicular relapse | 1 (1) | 45 (0.9) | |
| Other | 0 | 29 (0.6) | |
| Second malignancy | 0 | 20 (0.4) | |
| Death after first event | 7 (6.7) | 121 (2.5) | .01 |
| Relapse | |||
| Marrow | 36 (21.8) | 1530 (19.2) | .4 |
| CNS | 8 (4.8) | 623 (7.8) | .2 |
| Testicular | 3 (1.8) | 265 (3.3) | .3 |
| Survival status | <.001 | ||
| Alive | 125 (69.8) | 6661 (80.6) | |
| Dead | 54 (30.2) | 1607 (19.4) |
Variables . | Down syndrome, no. (%) . | No Down syndrome, no. (%) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis of ALL | .09 | ||
| Less than 1 y | 0 (0) | 217 (2.6) | |
| 1 y to 9 y | 137 (76.5) | 6222 (75.3) | |
| 10 y or older | 42 (23.5) | 1822 (22.1) | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| CNS disease at diagnosis | 4 (2.2) | 240 (2.9) | .8 |
| Initial WBC count above 50 × 109/L | 28 (15.6) | 1813 (21.9) | .1 |
| Initial platelet count above 50 × 109/L | 108 (60.7) | 3901 (47.2) | <.001 |
| Initial Hb below 100 g/L | 125 (69.8) | 6468 (78.7) | .006 |
| Mediastinal mass | 10 (5.6) | 795 (9.6) | .09 |
| Lymph nodes | 72 (40.2) | 4096 (49.6) | .02 |
| Enlarged spleen | 68 (38) | 4499 (54.4) | <.001 |
| Enlarged liver | 92 (51.4) | 4466 (54.1) | .5 |
| National Cancer Institute risk categories | .2 | ||
| Standard risk | 118 (65.9) | 5009 (60.6) | |
| High risk | 61 (34.1) | 3259 (39.4) | |
| Lineage, n = 4931 | .05 | ||
| B-cell | 94 (92.2) | 4082 (84.5) | |
| T-cell | 8 (7.8) | 747 (15.5) | |
| Chromosomal abnormality | .04 | ||
| Normal | 15 (45.5) | 582 (30.3) | |
| Hypodiploid | 4 (12.1) | 111 (5.8) | |
| Pseudodiploid | 7 (18.2) | 534 (27.8) | |
| Hyperdiploid, 47-50 | 5 (15.2) | 203 (10.6) | |
| High hyperdiploid, above 50 | 4 (9.1) | 491 (25.5) | |
| t(9;22) | 0 (0) | 44 (4.3) | .4 |
| t(4;11) | 0 (0) | 42 (4.1) | |
| Early response day 7 marrow | .7 | ||
| M1 (more than 25% blasts) | 36 (46.8) | 1949 (51.5) | |
| M2 (5%-25% blasts) | 20 (26) | 873 (23.1) | |
| M3 (less than 5% blasts) | 21 (27.3) | 964 (25.5) | |
| Induction results, n = 4807 | |||
| Failure, entire cohort | 6 (5.8) | 70 (1.5) | .002 |
| Failure, standard-risk | 2.9 | 0.3 | .008 |
| Failure, high-risk | 3.1 | 1.4 | .9 |
| Events | |||
| No. patients (%) | 70 (39.1) | 2414 (29.2) | .004 |
| Nature of events, n = 4903 | .02 | ||
| No events | 76 (73.1) | 3661 (76.3) | |
| Death in induction | 3 (2.9) | 40 (0.8) | |
| Induction failure | 3 (2.9) | 37 (0.8) | |
| Marrow relapse | 11 (10.6) | 643 (13.4) | |
| CNS relapse | 3 (2.9) | 203 (4.2) | |
| Testicular relapse | 1 (1) | 45 (0.9) | |
| Other | 0 | 29 (0.6) | |
| Second malignancy | 0 | 20 (0.4) | |
| Death after first event | 7 (6.7) | 121 (2.5) | .01 |
| Relapse | |||
| Marrow | 36 (21.8) | 1530 (19.2) | .4 |
| CNS | 8 (4.8) | 623 (7.8) | .2 |
| Testicular | 3 (1.8) | 265 (3.3) | .3 |
| Survival status | <.001 | ||
| Alive | 125 (69.8) | 6661 (80.6) | |
| Dead | 54 (30.2) | 1607 (19.4) |
CNS indicates central nervous system.