Clinical characteristics and hematological management
| . | Nonbleeding term pregnant controls (N = 20) . | AOC (N = 12) . | Severe PPH without AOC (N = 21) . | AOC vs non-AOC P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | ND | 30.5 (26.5-35.5) | 32.0 (27.0-35.0) | .85 |
| Med (IQR) range | 21-45 | 21-44 | ||
| Gravida | ND | 3 | 2 | .03 |
| n | (2-4) | (1-3) | ||
| Med (IQR) range | 2-6 | 1-6 | ||
| Parity | ND | 2 | 1 | .09 |
| n | (1-2) | (0-1.5) | ||
| Med (IQR) range | 0-5 | 0-3 | ||
| Gestation, mo | ND | 36.5 (29.5-39) | 40 (37-41) | .01 |
| Med (IQR) range | 20-40 | 25-42 | ||
| Mode of birth | ||||
| Unassisted vaginal, n (%) | 0 | 5 (41.7) | 7 (33.3) | .34 |
| Instrumental vaginal, n (%) | 0 | 1 (8.3) | 7 (33.1) | |
| Elective CD, n (%) | 20 | 2 (16.7) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Nonelective CD, n (%) | 0 | 4 (33.3) | 6 (28.6) | |
| Primary cause of bleeding | ||||
| Atony, n (%) | NA | 1 (8.3) | 1 (4.8) | .12 |
| Surgical/trauma, n (%) | NA | 1 (8.3) | 11 (52.4) | |
| Placental abruption, n (%) | NA | 5 (41.7) | 5 (23.8) | |
| Placenta accreta/previa, n (%) | NA | 2 (16.7) | 3 (14.3) | |
| Retained products of conception, n (%) | NA | 1 (8.3) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Amniotic fluid embolus or coagulopathy of unknown cause, n (%) | NA | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Total measured blood loss, mL | ND | 1525 (1050-2650) | 2300 (2000-2800) | .06 |
| Med (IQR) range | 200-5500 | 1200-8500 | ||
| Blood component and hemostatic management | ||||
| Red blood cells, U | 0 | 1.5 (1-2.5) | 2 (0-3.5) | .7 |
| Med (IQR) range | 0-9 | 0-16 | ||
| 10/12 (83%) | 12/21 (57%) | |||
| Fresh frozen plasma, U | 0 | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) | 1.0 |
| Med (IQR) range | 0-4 | 0-2 | ||
| 1/12 (8%) | 1/21 (4.8%) | |||
| Fibrinogen concentrate, g | 0 | 4 (5-7) | 4, 4, 8 | .002 |
| Med (IQR) range | 0-10 | |||
| n (%) | 10/12 (83%) | 3/21 (15%) | ||
| Tranexamic acid infused, n (%) | 0 | 11/11 (100%)∗ | 21/21 (100%) | NA |
| . | Nonbleeding term pregnant controls (N = 20) . | AOC (N = 12) . | Severe PPH without AOC (N = 21) . | AOC vs non-AOC P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | ND | 30.5 (26.5-35.5) | 32.0 (27.0-35.0) | .85 |
| Med (IQR) range | 21-45 | 21-44 | ||
| Gravida | ND | 3 | 2 | .03 |
| n | (2-4) | (1-3) | ||
| Med (IQR) range | 2-6 | 1-6 | ||
| Parity | ND | 2 | 1 | .09 |
| n | (1-2) | (0-1.5) | ||
| Med (IQR) range | 0-5 | 0-3 | ||
| Gestation, mo | ND | 36.5 (29.5-39) | 40 (37-41) | .01 |
| Med (IQR) range | 20-40 | 25-42 | ||
| Mode of birth | ||||
| Unassisted vaginal, n (%) | 0 | 5 (41.7) | 7 (33.3) | .34 |
| Instrumental vaginal, n (%) | 0 | 1 (8.3) | 7 (33.1) | |
| Elective CD, n (%) | 20 | 2 (16.7) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Nonelective CD, n (%) | 0 | 4 (33.3) | 6 (28.6) | |
| Primary cause of bleeding | ||||
| Atony, n (%) | NA | 1 (8.3) | 1 (4.8) | .12 |
| Surgical/trauma, n (%) | NA | 1 (8.3) | 11 (52.4) | |
| Placental abruption, n (%) | NA | 5 (41.7) | 5 (23.8) | |
| Placenta accreta/previa, n (%) | NA | 2 (16.7) | 3 (14.3) | |
| Retained products of conception, n (%) | NA | 1 (8.3) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Amniotic fluid embolus or coagulopathy of unknown cause, n (%) | NA | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Total measured blood loss, mL | ND | 1525 (1050-2650) | 2300 (2000-2800) | .06 |
| Med (IQR) range | 200-5500 | 1200-8500 | ||
| Blood component and hemostatic management | ||||
| Red blood cells, U | 0 | 1.5 (1-2.5) | 2 (0-3.5) | .7 |
| Med (IQR) range | 0-9 | 0-16 | ||
| 10/12 (83%) | 12/21 (57%) | |||
| Fresh frozen plasma, U | 0 | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) | 1.0 |
| Med (IQR) range | 0-4 | 0-2 | ||
| 1/12 (8%) | 1/21 (4.8%) | |||
| Fibrinogen concentrate, g | 0 | 4 (5-7) | 4, 4, 8 | .002 |
| Med (IQR) range | 0-10 | |||
| n (%) | 10/12 (83%) | 3/21 (15%) | ||
| Tranexamic acid infused, n (%) | 0 | 11/11 (100%)∗ | 21/21 (100%) | NA |
CD, cesarean delivery; Med (IQR), median (interquartile range); ND, no data.
No data were available for 1 patient.