Study cohort characteristics for cases and controls without registered markers of diabetes
| . | Cases . | Controls . |
|---|---|---|
| Total, N | 3622 | 18 110 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 68 (59-75) | 68 (59-75) |
| Age group, n (%) | ||
| <60 y | 956 (26.4) | 4 780 (26.4) |
| 60-75 y | 1665 (46.0) | 8 325 (46.0) |
| >75 y | 1001 (27.6) | 5 005 (27.6) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1768 (48.8) | 8 840 (48.8) |
| Metformin use before index date, n (%) | ||
| Never-use | 3490 (96.4) | 17 716 (97.8) |
| Ever-use | 132 (3.6) | 394 (2.2) |
| Long-term use (≥5 y) | 5 (0.1) | 15 (0.1) |
| Number of prescriptions for ever-users, n (%) | ||
| 1 | 13 (0.4) | 44 (0.2) |
| 2-4 | 27 (0.8) | 72 (0.4) |
| ≥5 | 92 (2.5) | 278 (1.5) |
| Highest achieved education, n (%) | ||
| Primary school | 1182 (32.6) | 5 808 (32.1) |
| High school | 1514 (41.8) | 7 425 (41.0) |
| Short/middle long education | 644 (17.8) | 3 295 (18.2) |
| Long education | 211 (5.8) | 1 148 (6.3) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | ||
| 0 | 3178 (87.7) | 17 060 (94.2) |
| 1 | 295 (8.1) | 819 (4.5) |
| ≥2 | 149 (4.1) | 231 (1.3) |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||
| Alcohol related diagnoses | 243 (6.7) | 969 (5.4) |
| Overweight and obesity-related diagnoses | 113 (3.1) | 560 (3.1) |
| COPD | 320 (8.8) | 1 319 (7.3) |
| Autoimmune disease | 304 (8.4) | 1 398 (7.7) |
| Previous drug use, n (%) | ||
| Aspirin | 1173 (32.4) | 4 202 (23.2) |
| Other NSAIDs | 2980 (82.3) | 14 403 (79.5) |
| Statins | 1175 (32.4) | 5 217 (28.8) |
| Alendronate | 231 (6.4) | 1 050 (5.8) |
| Immunosuppressants | 86 (2.4) | 449 (2.5) |
| MPN subtype, n (%) | ||
| Polycythemia vera | 1239 (34.2) | N/A |
| Essential thrombocythemia | 1265 (34.9) | N/A |
| Myelofibrosis | 525 (14.5) | N/A |
| MPN-U | 593 (16.4) | N/A |
| Molecular MPN subtype∗ , n (%) | ||
| JAK2-V617F–mutated | 2729 (75.4) | N/A |
| CALR-mutated | 179 (4.9) | N/A |
| . | Cases . | Controls . |
|---|---|---|
| Total, N | 3622 | 18 110 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 68 (59-75) | 68 (59-75) |
| Age group, n (%) | ||
| <60 y | 956 (26.4) | 4 780 (26.4) |
| 60-75 y | 1665 (46.0) | 8 325 (46.0) |
| >75 y | 1001 (27.6) | 5 005 (27.6) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1768 (48.8) | 8 840 (48.8) |
| Metformin use before index date, n (%) | ||
| Never-use | 3490 (96.4) | 17 716 (97.8) |
| Ever-use | 132 (3.6) | 394 (2.2) |
| Long-term use (≥5 y) | 5 (0.1) | 15 (0.1) |
| Number of prescriptions for ever-users, n (%) | ||
| 1 | 13 (0.4) | 44 (0.2) |
| 2-4 | 27 (0.8) | 72 (0.4) |
| ≥5 | 92 (2.5) | 278 (1.5) |
| Highest achieved education, n (%) | ||
| Primary school | 1182 (32.6) | 5 808 (32.1) |
| High school | 1514 (41.8) | 7 425 (41.0) |
| Short/middle long education | 644 (17.8) | 3 295 (18.2) |
| Long education | 211 (5.8) | 1 148 (6.3) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | ||
| 0 | 3178 (87.7) | 17 060 (94.2) |
| 1 | 295 (8.1) | 819 (4.5) |
| ≥2 | 149 (4.1) | 231 (1.3) |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||
| Alcohol related diagnoses | 243 (6.7) | 969 (5.4) |
| Overweight and obesity-related diagnoses | 113 (3.1) | 560 (3.1) |
| COPD | 320 (8.8) | 1 319 (7.3) |
| Autoimmune disease | 304 (8.4) | 1 398 (7.7) |
| Previous drug use, n (%) | ||
| Aspirin | 1173 (32.4) | 4 202 (23.2) |
| Other NSAIDs | 2980 (82.3) | 14 403 (79.5) |
| Statins | 1175 (32.4) | 5 217 (28.8) |
| Alendronate | 231 (6.4) | 1 050 (5.8) |
| Immunosuppressants | 86 (2.4) | 449 (2.5) |
| MPN subtype, n (%) | ||
| Polycythemia vera | 1239 (34.2) | N/A |
| Essential thrombocythemia | 1265 (34.9) | N/A |
| Myelofibrosis | 525 (14.5) | N/A |
| MPN-U | 593 (16.4) | N/A |
| Molecular MPN subtype∗ , n (%) | ||
| JAK2-V617F–mutated | 2729 (75.4) | N/A |
| CALR-mutated | 179 (4.9) | N/A |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range; MPN-U, MPN unclassifiable; N/A, not applicable; NNSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Among 3481 tested.