Changes in coagulation factors with age
| Clotting factor . | Changes with aging . |
|---|---|
| Fibrinogen | Increases5,6 |
| Thrombin | Unaffected |
| FV | Increases7 |
| FX | Unaffected |
| FVII | Increases5,7 |
| FVIII | Increases5 |
| FIX | Increases7 |
| FXI | Increases7 |
| FXII | Depends on the reference (unaffected vs increases) |
| FXIII | Increases8 |
| VWF | VWF Ag increases with age, especially in those who have non-O type blood9-11 |
| Protein C | Protein C Ag increases with aging (∼4% by decade); in women this is primarily seen after menopause12 |
| Protein S | Increases with age; lower and more variable increase in women owing to increased total protein S but no change in free protein S (increase in C4b-BP levels with normal aging); may be affected by serum lipids (higher protein S a/w higher cholesterol and triglyceride levels)13,14 |
| PAI-1 | Increases (especially in association with myocardial infarction, obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, malignancy, inflammation, and psychological stress)15 |
| D-dimer | Increases (especially in association with comorbidities, such as infection, heart disease, and malignancy)16 |
| Platelet count | Decreased (more pronounced in males)17 |
| Platelet activation | Increases18 |
| Bleeding time | Shortens18 |
| Clotting factor . | Changes with aging . |
|---|---|
| Fibrinogen | Increases5,6 |
| Thrombin | Unaffected |
| FV | Increases7 |
| FX | Unaffected |
| FVII | Increases5,7 |
| FVIII | Increases5 |
| FIX | Increases7 |
| FXI | Increases7 |
| FXII | Depends on the reference (unaffected vs increases) |
| FXIII | Increases8 |
| VWF | VWF Ag increases with age, especially in those who have non-O type blood9-11 |
| Protein C | Protein C Ag increases with aging (∼4% by decade); in women this is primarily seen after menopause12 |
| Protein S | Increases with age; lower and more variable increase in women owing to increased total protein S but no change in free protein S (increase in C4b-BP levels with normal aging); may be affected by serum lipids (higher protein S a/w higher cholesterol and triglyceride levels)13,14 |
| PAI-1 | Increases (especially in association with myocardial infarction, obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, malignancy, inflammation, and psychological stress)15 |
| D-dimer | Increases (especially in association with comorbidities, such as infection, heart disease, and malignancy)16 |
| Platelet count | Decreased (more pronounced in males)17 |
| Platelet activation | Increases18 |
| Bleeding time | Shortens18 |
a/w, associated with; BP, binding protein; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.