Table 4.

Systemic implementation barriers

YearBarriersResolution
2019-2020 Employer strike action at JUH and HUEH
The COVID-19 pandemic slowed down clinic attendance in both Haiti and Miami. 
Both resolved. 
2020-2021 Electrical outage damaged IEF machine at JUH. Machine replaced.
Surge protector purchased and installed. 
2021-2022 Gang violence at Port-au-Prince;
Haitian president was assassinated (7 July 2021);
ongoing delays in deliveries of IEF gels to Cap Haitien (not to Port-au-Prince); and
emigration of 2 study staff from Haiti resulting in extra training needed for TCD ultrasound sonographers. 
Ongoing street violence.
Outsourcing of dried blood cards to Florida after brief trials sending them to SDH (there were delays in deliveries, making the samples uninterpretable).
1 site remains without a person responsible for performing TCD ultrasound. 
2022-2023 Strike action at JUH and HUEH;
gang violence at Port-au-Prince; and
ongoing delays with gel deliveries to Cap Haitien. 
Ongoing strikes.
Searching for partnerships in the Dominican Republic to shorten the time for gel delivery. 
YearBarriersResolution
2019-2020 Employer strike action at JUH and HUEH
The COVID-19 pandemic slowed down clinic attendance in both Haiti and Miami. 
Both resolved. 
2020-2021 Electrical outage damaged IEF machine at JUH. Machine replaced.
Surge protector purchased and installed. 
2021-2022 Gang violence at Port-au-Prince;
Haitian president was assassinated (7 July 2021);
ongoing delays in deliveries of IEF gels to Cap Haitien (not to Port-au-Prince); and
emigration of 2 study staff from Haiti resulting in extra training needed for TCD ultrasound sonographers. 
Ongoing street violence.
Outsourcing of dried blood cards to Florida after brief trials sending them to SDH (there were delays in deliveries, making the samples uninterpretable).
1 site remains without a person responsible for performing TCD ultrasound. 
2022-2023 Strike action at JUH and HUEH;
gang violence at Port-au-Prince; and
ongoing delays with gel deliveries to Cap Haitien. 
Ongoing strikes.
Searching for partnerships in the Dominican Republic to shorten the time for gel delivery. 

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