Table 3.

Prenatal ultrasound abnormalities and postnatal anatomic findings. Data reflect numbers from patients for whom detailed data were available

Group 1: prenatal diagnosis, aliveGroup 2: prenatal diagnosis, perinatal demiseGroup 3: postnatal diagnosis, aliveGroup 4: medical abortionTotal
Prenatal      
Cases with available data/total in group 14/14 (100%) 5/5 (100%) 8/11 (73%) 25/30 (83%) 52/60 (87%) 
Cardiomegaly 11/14 (71%) 4/5 (80%) 5/8 (63% 11/25 (44%) 31/52 (60%) 
Amniotic fluid abnormalities 6/14 (43%) 1/5 (20%) 4/8 (50%) 5/25 (20%) 19/52 (37%) 
Echogenic bowel 8/14 (57%) 1/5 (20%) 2/8 (25%) 8/25 (32%) 19/52 (37%) 
Ambiguous genitalia (males) 1/4 (25%) 1/3 (33%) 1/4 (25%) 2/6 (33%) 5/17 (29%) 
Cardiac abnormalities 0/14 (0%) 0/5 (0%) 0/8 (0%) 2/25 (8%) 2/52 (4%) 
Total with hydrops 12/14 (86%) 5/5 (100%) 8/8 (100%) 21/25 (84%) 46/52 (88%) 
Hydrops∗ (nonspecific) 1/12 (8%) 1/5 (20%) 3/8 (36%) 6/21 (29%) 11/46 (24%) 
Single effusion 3/11 (27%) 0/4 (0%) 2/5 (40%) 6/15 (40%) 11/35 (31%) 
≥2 effusions 8/11 (73%) 4/4 (100%) 3/5 (60%) 9/15 (60%) 24/35 (69%) 
Pericardial effusion 10/11 (91%) 4/4 (100%) 4/5 (80%) 14/15 (93%) 32/35 (91%) 
Ascites 7/11 (64%) 3/4 (75%) 4/5 (80%) 12/15 (80% 26/35 (74%) 
Pleural effusion 2/11 (18%) 3/4 (75%) 0/5 (0%) 6/15 (40%) 11/35 (31%) 
Skin edema 3/11 (27%) 3/4 (75%) 0/5 (0%) 5/15 (33%) 11/35 (31%) 
Postnatal      
Hypospadias (males) 4/4 (100%) 1/3 (33%) 4/7 (57%)  9/14 (64%) 
Cardiac abnormalities 5/14 (36%) 6/11 (55%)  11/25 (44%) 
short stature 5/9 (55% n/a 4/10 (40%)  9/19 (47%) 
Group 1: prenatal diagnosis, aliveGroup 2: prenatal diagnosis, perinatal demiseGroup 3: postnatal diagnosis, aliveGroup 4: medical abortionTotal
Prenatal      
Cases with available data/total in group 14/14 (100%) 5/5 (100%) 8/11 (73%) 25/30 (83%) 52/60 (87%) 
Cardiomegaly 11/14 (71%) 4/5 (80%) 5/8 (63% 11/25 (44%) 31/52 (60%) 
Amniotic fluid abnormalities 6/14 (43%) 1/5 (20%) 4/8 (50%) 5/25 (20%) 19/52 (37%) 
Echogenic bowel 8/14 (57%) 1/5 (20%) 2/8 (25%) 8/25 (32%) 19/52 (37%) 
Ambiguous genitalia (males) 1/4 (25%) 1/3 (33%) 1/4 (25%) 2/6 (33%) 5/17 (29%) 
Cardiac abnormalities 0/14 (0%) 0/5 (0%) 0/8 (0%) 2/25 (8%) 2/52 (4%) 
Total with hydrops 12/14 (86%) 5/5 (100%) 8/8 (100%) 21/25 (84%) 46/52 (88%) 
Hydrops∗ (nonspecific) 1/12 (8%) 1/5 (20%) 3/8 (36%) 6/21 (29%) 11/46 (24%) 
Single effusion 3/11 (27%) 0/4 (0%) 2/5 (40%) 6/15 (40%) 11/35 (31%) 
≥2 effusions 8/11 (73%) 4/4 (100%) 3/5 (60%) 9/15 (60%) 24/35 (69%) 
Pericardial effusion 10/11 (91%) 4/4 (100%) 4/5 (80%) 14/15 (93%) 32/35 (91%) 
Ascites 7/11 (64%) 3/4 (75%) 4/5 (80%) 12/15 (80% 26/35 (74%) 
Pleural effusion 2/11 (18%) 3/4 (75%) 0/5 (0%) 6/15 (40%) 11/35 (31%) 
Skin edema 3/11 (27%) 3/4 (75%) 0/5 (0%) 5/15 (33%) 11/35 (31%) 
Postnatal      
Hypospadias (males) 4/4 (100%) 1/3 (33%) 4/7 (57%)  9/14 (64%) 
Cardiac abnormalities 5/14 (36%) 6/11 (55%)  11/25 (44%) 
short stature 5/9 (55% n/a 4/10 (40%)  9/19 (47%) 

∗Patients with reported hydrops and no further specific data available were classified as hydrops (nonspecific) and not included in the analysis of number and frequency of specific effusions.