Patient baseline characteristics
| Characteristic . | Total . | MRD− . | MRD conversion . | P-value* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 568) . | (n = 344) . | (n = 224) . | ||
| Median age, years (range) | 58 (29-80) | 58 (31-80) | 59 (31-79) | n.d. |
| Age ≥60 y | 263 (46.3) | 153 (44.5) | 110 (49.1) | .30 |
| Age ≥65 y | 172 (30.2) | 95 (27.6) | 77 (34.4) | .09 |
| Female sex | 232 (40.8) | 149 (43.3) | 83 (37.1) | .16 |
| Race | (n = 560) | (n = 340) | (n = 220) | |
| Caucasian | 470 (83.9) | 285 (83.8) | 185 (82.6) | n.d. |
| African American | 77 (13.8) | 46 (13.5) | 31 (13.8) | |
| Asian | 9 (1.6) | 7 (2.0) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Native American | 4 (0.7) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Hispanic | 78 (13.9) | 50 (14.5) | 28 (12.5) | n.d. |
| Isotype | (n = 527) | (n = 318) | (n = 209) | |
| IgA | 85 (16.1) | 48 (15.1) | 37 (17.7) | .93 |
| IgD | 6 (1.1) | 4 (1.3) | 2 (1.0) | |
| IgG | 321 (60.9) | 197 (43.1) | 124 (59.3) | |
| Nonsecretory | 17 (3.2) | 10 (3.1) | 7 (3.3) | |
| LC | 95 (18.0) | 59 (18.6) | 36 (17.2) | |
| Albumin <3.5 g/dL | 150 (26.4) | 88 (25.6) | 62 (27.7) | .63 |
| B2M | (n = 565) | (n = 341) | ||
| ≥3.5 mg/L | 121 (21.4) | 68 (19.9) | 53 (23.7) | .30 |
| >5.5 mg/L | 45 (8.0) | 23 (6.7) | 22 (9.8) | .21 |
| ISS | ||||
| Stage 1 | 266 (46.8) | 163 (47.4) | 103 (46.0) | .74 |
| Stage 2 | 187 (32.9) | 115 (33.4) | 72 (32.1) | |
| Stage 3 | 115 (20.3) | 66 (19.2) | 49 (21.9) | |
| RISS | (n = 215) | (n = 114) | (n = 101) | |
| Stage 1 | 51 (23.7) | 30 (26.3) | 21 (20.8) | .53 |
| Stage 2 | 146 (67.9) | 76 (66.7) | 70 (69.3) | |
| Stage 3 | 18 (8.4) | 8 (7.0) | 10 (9.9) | |
| Creatinine ≥2 mg/dL | 30 (10.4) | 17 (4.9) | 13 (5.8) | .70 |
| CRP ≥8 mg/L | 59 (8.5) | 44 (12.8) | 15 (6.7) | .02 |
| Hb <10 g/dL | 180 (31.7) | 108 (31.4) | 72 (32.1) | .85 |
| LDH ≥190 U/L | 132 (23.2) | 75 (21.8) | 57 (25.4) | .36 |
| Cytogenetic abnormalities | (n = 564) | (n = 341) | (n = 223) | |
| Any abnormality at a given locus | 240 (42.6) | 139 (40.7) | 101 (45.3) | .001 |
| Hypodiploidy | 90 (16.0) | 51 (15.0) | 39 (17.5) | |
| Hyperdiploidy | 166 (29.4) | 95 (27.9) | 71 (31.8) | |
| None | 68 (12.1) | 56 (16.4) | 12 (5.4) | |
| Free light chains | (n = 523) | (n = 317) | (n = 206) | |
| κ | 338 (64.6) | 210 (66.2) | 128 (62.1) | n.d. |
| Λ | 178 (33.4) | 106 (33.4) | 72 (35.0) | |
| Normal FLC ratio | (n = 509) | (n = 304) | (n = 205) | n.d. |
| 162 (31.8) | 100 (32.9) | 62 (30.2) | ||
| GEP70 high risk (≥0.66) | (n = 533) | (n = 317) | (n = 216) | n.d. |
| 37 (6.9) | 22 (6.9) | 15 (6.9) | ||
| GEP subgroup | (n = 533) | (n = 317) | (n = 216) | |
| CD-1 | 40 (7.5) | 25 (7.9) | 15 (7.0) | .41 |
| CD-2 | 106 (19.9) | 64 (20.2) | 42 (19.4) | |
| HY | 181 (34.0) | 101 (31.9) | 80 (37.0) | |
| LB | 74 (13.9) | 42 (13.2) | 32 (14.8) | |
| MF | 30 (5.6) | 22 (6.9) | 8 (3.7) | |
| MS | 56 (10.5) | 31 (9.8) | 25 (11.6) | |
| PR | 46 (8.6) | 32 (10.1) | 14 (6.5) | |
| Autologous transplant | ||||
| x1 | 568 (100) | 344 (100) | 224 (100) | n.d |
| x2 | 456 (80.3) | 283 (82.3) | 173 (80.1) |
| Characteristic . | Total . | MRD− . | MRD conversion . | P-value* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 568) . | (n = 344) . | (n = 224) . | ||
| Median age, years (range) | 58 (29-80) | 58 (31-80) | 59 (31-79) | n.d. |
| Age ≥60 y | 263 (46.3) | 153 (44.5) | 110 (49.1) | .30 |
| Age ≥65 y | 172 (30.2) | 95 (27.6) | 77 (34.4) | .09 |
| Female sex | 232 (40.8) | 149 (43.3) | 83 (37.1) | .16 |
| Race | (n = 560) | (n = 340) | (n = 220) | |
| Caucasian | 470 (83.9) | 285 (83.8) | 185 (82.6) | n.d. |
| African American | 77 (13.8) | 46 (13.5) | 31 (13.8) | |
| Asian | 9 (1.6) | 7 (2.0) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Native American | 4 (0.7) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.9) | |
| Hispanic | 78 (13.9) | 50 (14.5) | 28 (12.5) | n.d. |
| Isotype | (n = 527) | (n = 318) | (n = 209) | |
| IgA | 85 (16.1) | 48 (15.1) | 37 (17.7) | .93 |
| IgD | 6 (1.1) | 4 (1.3) | 2 (1.0) | |
| IgG | 321 (60.9) | 197 (43.1) | 124 (59.3) | |
| Nonsecretory | 17 (3.2) | 10 (3.1) | 7 (3.3) | |
| LC | 95 (18.0) | 59 (18.6) | 36 (17.2) | |
| Albumin <3.5 g/dL | 150 (26.4) | 88 (25.6) | 62 (27.7) | .63 |
| B2M | (n = 565) | (n = 341) | ||
| ≥3.5 mg/L | 121 (21.4) | 68 (19.9) | 53 (23.7) | .30 |
| >5.5 mg/L | 45 (8.0) | 23 (6.7) | 22 (9.8) | .21 |
| ISS | ||||
| Stage 1 | 266 (46.8) | 163 (47.4) | 103 (46.0) | .74 |
| Stage 2 | 187 (32.9) | 115 (33.4) | 72 (32.1) | |
| Stage 3 | 115 (20.3) | 66 (19.2) | 49 (21.9) | |
| RISS | (n = 215) | (n = 114) | (n = 101) | |
| Stage 1 | 51 (23.7) | 30 (26.3) | 21 (20.8) | .53 |
| Stage 2 | 146 (67.9) | 76 (66.7) | 70 (69.3) | |
| Stage 3 | 18 (8.4) | 8 (7.0) | 10 (9.9) | |
| Creatinine ≥2 mg/dL | 30 (10.4) | 17 (4.9) | 13 (5.8) | .70 |
| CRP ≥8 mg/L | 59 (8.5) | 44 (12.8) | 15 (6.7) | .02 |
| Hb <10 g/dL | 180 (31.7) | 108 (31.4) | 72 (32.1) | .85 |
| LDH ≥190 U/L | 132 (23.2) | 75 (21.8) | 57 (25.4) | .36 |
| Cytogenetic abnormalities | (n = 564) | (n = 341) | (n = 223) | |
| Any abnormality at a given locus | 240 (42.6) | 139 (40.7) | 101 (45.3) | .001 |
| Hypodiploidy | 90 (16.0) | 51 (15.0) | 39 (17.5) | |
| Hyperdiploidy | 166 (29.4) | 95 (27.9) | 71 (31.8) | |
| None | 68 (12.1) | 56 (16.4) | 12 (5.4) | |
| Free light chains | (n = 523) | (n = 317) | (n = 206) | |
| κ | 338 (64.6) | 210 (66.2) | 128 (62.1) | n.d. |
| Λ | 178 (33.4) | 106 (33.4) | 72 (35.0) | |
| Normal FLC ratio | (n = 509) | (n = 304) | (n = 205) | n.d. |
| 162 (31.8) | 100 (32.9) | 62 (30.2) | ||
| GEP70 high risk (≥0.66) | (n = 533) | (n = 317) | (n = 216) | n.d. |
| 37 (6.9) | 22 (6.9) | 15 (6.9) | ||
| GEP subgroup | (n = 533) | (n = 317) | (n = 216) | |
| CD-1 | 40 (7.5) | 25 (7.9) | 15 (7.0) | .41 |
| CD-2 | 106 (19.9) | 64 (20.2) | 42 (19.4) | |
| HY | 181 (34.0) | 101 (31.9) | 80 (37.0) | |
| LB | 74 (13.9) | 42 (13.2) | 32 (14.8) | |
| MF | 30 (5.6) | 22 (6.9) | 8 (3.7) | |
| MS | 56 (10.5) | 31 (9.8) | 25 (11.6) | |
| PR | 46 (8.6) | 32 (10.1) | 14 (6.5) | |
| Autologous transplant | ||||
| x1 | 568 (100) | 344 (100) | 224 (100) | n.d |
| x2 | 456 (80.3) | 283 (82.3) | 173 (80.1) |
Data are numbers (%) unless otherwise noted.
B2M, β-2-microglobulin; CRP, C-reactive protein; Hb, hemoglobulin; Ig, immunoglobin; LB, low bone; LC, light chain; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; n.d., not determined; RISS, Revised International Staging System.
P-value determined by Fisher’s exact test.