Baseline characteristics of the total cohort
| Variable . | All patients . | VAF 1-2% . | CHIP (VAF ≥2%) . | Non-CHIP . | p-value (CHIP vs. non-CHIP) . | q value (CHIP vs. non-CHIP) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 200 | 23 (11.5) | 77 (38.5) | 123 (61.5) | ||
| Center | 0.12 | 0.28 | ||||
| TUM, Munich, n (%) | 109 (54.5) | 13 (56.5) | 47 (61.0) | 62 (50.4) | ||
| LMU, Munich, n (%) | 31 (15.5) | 5 (21.7) | 7 (9.1) | 24 (19.5) | ||
| TUD/UHL, n (%) | 60 (30.0) | 5 (21.7) | 23 (29.9) | 37 (30.1) | ||
| Indication for hip arthroplasty | 0.17 | 0.33 | ||||
| Primary (idiopathic) OA, n (%) | 149 (74.9) | 18 (78.3) | 61 (80.3) | 88 (71.5) | ||
| Secondary OA, n (%) | 50 (25.1) | 5 (21.7) | 15 (19.7) | 35 (28.5) | ||
| Age (y), median (range) | 71 (18-91) | 75 (53-85) | 74 (60-86) | 69 (18-91) | 5.4x10-6* | 9.1x10-5* |
| Male sex, n (%) | 66 (33.0) | 9 (39.1) | 24 (31.2) | 42 (34.1) | 0.66 | 0.81 |
| BMI, median (range) | 27.0 (16.5-51.0) | 26.7 (21.3-36.0) | 28.0 (19.3-37.0) | 27.0 (16.5-51.0) | 0.14 | 0.31 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30), n (%) | 52 (26.1) | 5 (21.7) | 22 (28.9) | 30 (24.4) | ||
| Blood counts | ||||||
| Leukocytes (109/L), median (range) | 6.7 (3.6-13.8) | 6.8 (5.4-13.6) | 6.7 (5.1-13.8) | 6.7 (3.6-13.6) | 0.43 | 0.56 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), median (range) | 13.4 (8.0-18.3) | 13.9 (10.9-15.5) | 12.7 (8.0-18.3) | 13.7 (9.4-16.8) | 0.0020† | 0.017‡ |
| MCV (fL), median (range) | 90.0 (80.0-102.0) | 91.3 (86.0-95.4) | 91.9 (82.0-102.0) | 89.0 (80.0-97.7) | 0.0076† | 0.034‡ |
| Platelets (109/L), median (range) | 272.0 (112.0-563.0) | 274.0 (175.0-426.0) | 264.5 (112.0-563.0) | 275.0 (120.0-490.0) | 0.38 | 0.53 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 175 (87.9) | 20 (87.0) | 70 (92.1) | 105 (85.4) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 132 (66.3) | 16 (69.6) | 59 (77.6) | 73 (59.3) | 0.0080† | 0.034‡ |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 122 (61.3) | 15 (65.2) | 57 (75.0) | 65 (52.8) | ||
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 30 (15.1) | 4 (17.4) | 15 (19.7) | 15 (12.2) | ||
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 22 (11.1) | 3 (13.0) | 12 (15.7) | 10 (8.1) | ||
| Stroke, n (%) | 13 (6.5) | 1 (4.3) | 6 (7.9) | 7 (5.7) | ||
| Cardiac arrhythmia, n (%) | 29 (14.6) | 2 (8.7) | 15 (19.7) | 14 (11.4) | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 40 (20.1) | 5 (21.7) | 18 (23.7) | 22 (17.9) | 0.32 | 0.51 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 19 (9.5) | 1 (4.3) | 7 (9.2) | 12 (9.8) | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| Hypothyroidism, n (%) | 38 (19.1) | 3 (13.0) | 15 (19.7) | 23 (18.7) | 0.86 | 0.90 |
| Autoimmune disease, n (%) | 20 (10.1) | 1 (4.3) | 12 (15.8) | 8 (6.5) | 0.034‡ | 0.097 |
| Malignant disease, n (%) | 26 (13.1) | 2 (8.7) | 15 (19.7) | 11 (8.9) | 0.028‡ | 0.096 |
| History of thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, n (%) | 12 (6.0) | 1 (4.3) | 3 (3.9) | 9 (7.3) | 0.33 | 0.51 |
| Anti-inflammatory drug use, n (%) | 66 (34.3) | 9 (39.1) | 26 (34.7) | 40 (32.5) | 0.76 | 0.86 |
| NSAID, n (%) | 64 (32.2) | 9 (39.1) | 25 (33.3) | 39 (31.7) | ||
| Steroids, n (%) | 4 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.3) | ||
| Other, n (%) | 7 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.7) | 5 (4.1) |
| Variable . | All patients . | VAF 1-2% . | CHIP (VAF ≥2%) . | Non-CHIP . | p-value (CHIP vs. non-CHIP) . | q value (CHIP vs. non-CHIP) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 200 | 23 (11.5) | 77 (38.5) | 123 (61.5) | ||
| Center | 0.12 | 0.28 | ||||
| TUM, Munich, n (%) | 109 (54.5) | 13 (56.5) | 47 (61.0) | 62 (50.4) | ||
| LMU, Munich, n (%) | 31 (15.5) | 5 (21.7) | 7 (9.1) | 24 (19.5) | ||
| TUD/UHL, n (%) | 60 (30.0) | 5 (21.7) | 23 (29.9) | 37 (30.1) | ||
| Indication for hip arthroplasty | 0.17 | 0.33 | ||||
| Primary (idiopathic) OA, n (%) | 149 (74.9) | 18 (78.3) | 61 (80.3) | 88 (71.5) | ||
| Secondary OA, n (%) | 50 (25.1) | 5 (21.7) | 15 (19.7) | 35 (28.5) | ||
| Age (y), median (range) | 71 (18-91) | 75 (53-85) | 74 (60-86) | 69 (18-91) | 5.4x10-6* | 9.1x10-5* |
| Male sex, n (%) | 66 (33.0) | 9 (39.1) | 24 (31.2) | 42 (34.1) | 0.66 | 0.81 |
| BMI, median (range) | 27.0 (16.5-51.0) | 26.7 (21.3-36.0) | 28.0 (19.3-37.0) | 27.0 (16.5-51.0) | 0.14 | 0.31 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30), n (%) | 52 (26.1) | 5 (21.7) | 22 (28.9) | 30 (24.4) | ||
| Blood counts | ||||||
| Leukocytes (109/L), median (range) | 6.7 (3.6-13.8) | 6.8 (5.4-13.6) | 6.7 (5.1-13.8) | 6.7 (3.6-13.6) | 0.43 | 0.56 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), median (range) | 13.4 (8.0-18.3) | 13.9 (10.9-15.5) | 12.7 (8.0-18.3) | 13.7 (9.4-16.8) | 0.0020† | 0.017‡ |
| MCV (fL), median (range) | 90.0 (80.0-102.0) | 91.3 (86.0-95.4) | 91.9 (82.0-102.0) | 89.0 (80.0-97.7) | 0.0076† | 0.034‡ |
| Platelets (109/L), median (range) | 272.0 (112.0-563.0) | 274.0 (175.0-426.0) | 264.5 (112.0-563.0) | 275.0 (120.0-490.0) | 0.38 | 0.53 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 175 (87.9) | 20 (87.0) | 70 (92.1) | 105 (85.4) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 132 (66.3) | 16 (69.6) | 59 (77.6) | 73 (59.3) | 0.0080† | 0.034‡ |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 122 (61.3) | 15 (65.2) | 57 (75.0) | 65 (52.8) | ||
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 30 (15.1) | 4 (17.4) | 15 (19.7) | 15 (12.2) | ||
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 22 (11.1) | 3 (13.0) | 12 (15.7) | 10 (8.1) | ||
| Stroke, n (%) | 13 (6.5) | 1 (4.3) | 6 (7.9) | 7 (5.7) | ||
| Cardiac arrhythmia, n (%) | 29 (14.6) | 2 (8.7) | 15 (19.7) | 14 (11.4) | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 40 (20.1) | 5 (21.7) | 18 (23.7) | 22 (17.9) | 0.32 | 0.51 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 19 (9.5) | 1 (4.3) | 7 (9.2) | 12 (9.8) | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| Hypothyroidism, n (%) | 38 (19.1) | 3 (13.0) | 15 (19.7) | 23 (18.7) | 0.86 | 0.90 |
| Autoimmune disease, n (%) | 20 (10.1) | 1 (4.3) | 12 (15.8) | 8 (6.5) | 0.034‡ | 0.097 |
| Malignant disease, n (%) | 26 (13.1) | 2 (8.7) | 15 (19.7) | 11 (8.9) | 0.028‡ | 0.096 |
| History of thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, n (%) | 12 (6.0) | 1 (4.3) | 3 (3.9) | 9 (7.3) | 0.33 | 0.51 |
| Anti-inflammatory drug use, n (%) | 66 (34.3) | 9 (39.1) | 26 (34.7) | 40 (32.5) | 0.76 | 0.86 |
| NSAID, n (%) | 64 (32.2) | 9 (39.1) | 25 (33.3) | 39 (31.7) | ||
| Steroids, n (%) | 4 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.3) | ||
| Other, n (%) | 7 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.7) | 5 (4.1) |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise noted.
We applied a ×2 test for categorical variables and a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. q values (ie, false discovery rate-adjusted P values) were obtained using Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.
BMI, body mass index; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
P < .001.
P < .01.
P < 05.