Clinical characteristics of patients who developed thrombosis
| Patient . | Age, y* . | Sex . | Race/ethnicity . | Thrombosis location . | Catheter related . | Underlying medical conditions . | Thromboprophylaxis . | ICU . | Other† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 | |||||||||
| 1 | 16-18 | F | White/Hispanic | PE | No | Cancer (relapsed sarcoma), CVC, obesity | Enoxaparin 30 mg every 12 h | Yes | Critically ill; died as a result of cardiac arrest, COVID-19 pneumonia, hemothorax |
| 2 | 16-18 | M | African American | Upper-extremity DVT | Yes | Congenital heart disease, cerebral palsy, CVC, bacterial tracheitis | Enoxaparin every 12 h, goal anti-Xa 0.2-0.5 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill; died as a result of cardiac arrest |
| 3 | 18-21 | M | White/Hispanic | PE | No | Cancer (AML), CVC | No; thrombosis present on admission | Yes | Critically ill; died as a result of intracranial hemorrhage, COVID-19, multisystem organ failure |
| 4 | 16-18 | M | White/Hispanic | Lower-extremity DVT | No | Obesity | No | Yes | |
| 5 | <1 | F | White/Hispanic | Intracardiac thrombosis | Yes | Cancer (AML), CVC | No | Yes | Died as a result of AML |
| 6 | 10-12 | F | African American | PE | No | Obesity | Enoxaparin 0.5 mg/kg every 12 h | Yes | Critically ill |
| 7 | 12-14 | M | White/Hispanic | Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis | No | Cancer | No | No | Major bleeding event on anticoagulation |
| 8 | 14-16 | F | African American | Upper-extremity DVT ×2 | Yes | Cancer, obesity, CVC | No; thrombosis present on admission, second thrombosis occurred while on enoxaparin 1 mg/kg every 12 h | No | |
| 9 | 14-16 | M | Other/Hispanic | Intracardiac thrombosis | Yes | Cancer, CVC | No; thrombosis present on admission | No | Readmitted after asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 admission with symptomatic COVID-19, thrombosis on chest CT |
| MIS-C | |||||||||
| 10 | 16-18 | M | African American | Acute ischemic stroke | No | Neurologic disorder, CVC | No; stroke on admission | Yes | Critically ill; admitted with acute MCA stroke and MIS-C 1 mo after acute COVID-19 admission |
| 11 | 12-14 | F | African American | Extremity DVT | No | Respiratory, CVC | No | Yes | Critically ill; admitted in shock and with decreased cardiac function |
| 12‡ | 14-16 | F | Unknown | Lower-extremity DVT | No | None, CVC | Enoxaparin every 12 h, goal anti-Xa 0.3-0.5 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill, on ECMO |
| 13 | 16-18 | M | African American | Lower-extremity DVT | No | None, CVC | UFH, goal anti-Xa 0.1-0.3 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill |
| 14 | 16-18 | M | Unknown/Hispanic | Intracardiac thrombosis | Yes | Obesity, CVC | UFH, goal anti-Xa 0.3-0.7 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill; thrombosis found post-ECMO |
| 15 | 16-18 | F | African American | Upper-extremity DVT | Yes | Obesity, CVC | Heparin 5000 units every 12 h then enoxaparin, goal anti-Xa 0.5-1.0 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill |
| 16‡ | 14-16 | F | White/Hispanic | Upper-extremity DVT | Yes | Cancer, obesity, respiratory, CVC | Enoxaparin daily | No | Died as a result of multiorgan failure |
| 17‡ | 18-21 | M | African American | Upper-extremity DVT | No | Cancer, obesity, CVC | Enoxaparin, goal anti-Xa 0.3-0.5 IU/mL | No | Symptomatic COVID-19 then readmitted with MIS-C, relapsed ALL, bacteremia |
| 18 | 16-18 | F | African American | Upper-extremity DVT | Yes | Obesity, CVC | Enoxaparin, goal anti-Xa 0.2-0.5 IU/mL | No | Urinary tract infection |
| Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 | |||||||||
| 19 | 16-18 | F | White/Hispanic | Lower-extremity DVT | No | Cancer (ALL in induction) | Enoxaparin 40 mg daily | Yes | Died as a result of complications of ALL; bacteremia |
| 20 | <1 | F | African American | Lower-extremity DVT | Yes | Acute liver failure, CVC | No | Yes |
| Patient . | Age, y* . | Sex . | Race/ethnicity . | Thrombosis location . | Catheter related . | Underlying medical conditions . | Thromboprophylaxis . | ICU . | Other† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 | |||||||||
| 1 | 16-18 | F | White/Hispanic | PE | No | Cancer (relapsed sarcoma), CVC, obesity | Enoxaparin 30 mg every 12 h | Yes | Critically ill; died as a result of cardiac arrest, COVID-19 pneumonia, hemothorax |
| 2 | 16-18 | M | African American | Upper-extremity DVT | Yes | Congenital heart disease, cerebral palsy, CVC, bacterial tracheitis | Enoxaparin every 12 h, goal anti-Xa 0.2-0.5 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill; died as a result of cardiac arrest |
| 3 | 18-21 | M | White/Hispanic | PE | No | Cancer (AML), CVC | No; thrombosis present on admission | Yes | Critically ill; died as a result of intracranial hemorrhage, COVID-19, multisystem organ failure |
| 4 | 16-18 | M | White/Hispanic | Lower-extremity DVT | No | Obesity | No | Yes | |
| 5 | <1 | F | White/Hispanic | Intracardiac thrombosis | Yes | Cancer (AML), CVC | No | Yes | Died as a result of AML |
| 6 | 10-12 | F | African American | PE | No | Obesity | Enoxaparin 0.5 mg/kg every 12 h | Yes | Critically ill |
| 7 | 12-14 | M | White/Hispanic | Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis | No | Cancer | No | No | Major bleeding event on anticoagulation |
| 8 | 14-16 | F | African American | Upper-extremity DVT ×2 | Yes | Cancer, obesity, CVC | No; thrombosis present on admission, second thrombosis occurred while on enoxaparin 1 mg/kg every 12 h | No | |
| 9 | 14-16 | M | Other/Hispanic | Intracardiac thrombosis | Yes | Cancer, CVC | No; thrombosis present on admission | No | Readmitted after asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 admission with symptomatic COVID-19, thrombosis on chest CT |
| MIS-C | |||||||||
| 10 | 16-18 | M | African American | Acute ischemic stroke | No | Neurologic disorder, CVC | No; stroke on admission | Yes | Critically ill; admitted with acute MCA stroke and MIS-C 1 mo after acute COVID-19 admission |
| 11 | 12-14 | F | African American | Extremity DVT | No | Respiratory, CVC | No | Yes | Critically ill; admitted in shock and with decreased cardiac function |
| 12‡ | 14-16 | F | Unknown | Lower-extremity DVT | No | None, CVC | Enoxaparin every 12 h, goal anti-Xa 0.3-0.5 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill, on ECMO |
| 13 | 16-18 | M | African American | Lower-extremity DVT | No | None, CVC | UFH, goal anti-Xa 0.1-0.3 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill |
| 14 | 16-18 | M | Unknown/Hispanic | Intracardiac thrombosis | Yes | Obesity, CVC | UFH, goal anti-Xa 0.3-0.7 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill; thrombosis found post-ECMO |
| 15 | 16-18 | F | African American | Upper-extremity DVT | Yes | Obesity, CVC | Heparin 5000 units every 12 h then enoxaparin, goal anti-Xa 0.5-1.0 IU/mL | Yes | Critically ill |
| 16‡ | 14-16 | F | White/Hispanic | Upper-extremity DVT | Yes | Cancer, obesity, respiratory, CVC | Enoxaparin daily | No | Died as a result of multiorgan failure |
| 17‡ | 18-21 | M | African American | Upper-extremity DVT | No | Cancer, obesity, CVC | Enoxaparin, goal anti-Xa 0.3-0.5 IU/mL | No | Symptomatic COVID-19 then readmitted with MIS-C, relapsed ALL, bacteremia |
| 18 | 16-18 | F | African American | Upper-extremity DVT | Yes | Obesity, CVC | Enoxaparin, goal anti-Xa 0.2-0.5 IU/mL | No | Urinary tract infection |
| Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 | |||||||||
| 19 | 16-18 | F | White/Hispanic | Lower-extremity DVT | No | Cancer (ALL in induction) | Enoxaparin 40 mg daily | Yes | Died as a result of complications of ALL; bacteremia |
| 20 | <1 | F | African American | Lower-extremity DVT | Yes | Acute liver failure, CVC | No | Yes |
ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CT, computed tomography; CVC, central venous catheter; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PE, pulmonary embolism; UFH, unfractionated heparin.
*Age range presented so patient identification less likely.
†Critically ill indicates patient required mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and/or ECMO.
‡MIS-C like.