Baseline parameters of 21 COVID-19 patients and non–COVID-19 control patients in the ICU
| . | ICU COVID-19 . | Control ICU (n = 5) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 21) . | Survivors (n = 14) . | Nonsurvivors (n = 7) . | P . | ||
| Age (mean ± SD), y | 60 ± 17 | 58 ± 18 | 63 ± 16 | .359 | 61 ± 28 |
| Male (%), n | 18 (85.7) | 11 (78.6) | 7 (100) | .186 | 4 (80) |
| Body mass index (mean ± SD) | 28.6 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 29 ± 4 | .543 | 23 ± 6 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||||
| Arterial hypertension | 14 (66.7) | 9 (64.3) | 5 (71.4) | .743 | 1 (20%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 5 (23.8) | 3 (21.4) | 2 (28.6) | .717 | 2 (40%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (23.8) | 4 (28.6) | 1 (14.3) | .469 | 1 (20%) |
| Current smokers | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Obesity* | 4 (19.0) | 3 (21.4) | 1 (14.3) | .807 | 1 (20%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 (19.0) | 4 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | .116 | 0 (0.0) |
| Known CAD | 4 (19.0) | 2 (14.3) | 2 (28.6) | .597 | 1 (20%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| Left ventricular function, % (mean ± SD) | 56 ± 6 | 57 ± 7 | 54 ± 6 | .516 | NA |
| RV pressure, mmHg (mean ± SD) | 26 ± 3 | 23 ± 6 | 33 ± 15 | .401 | NA |
| Admission laboratory, median (25th-75th percentile) | |||||
| Leukocytes, 1000/µL | 6.5 (4.2-9.7) | 6.7 (4.3-11.0) | 5.6 (3.0-6.8) | .233 | 13.3 (8.2-28.1) |
| Lymphocytes, 1000/µL | 0.6 (0.3-1.0) | 0.7 (0.5-1.1) | 0.3 (0.3-0.8) | .044 | NT |
| PLT, ×109/L | 179 (152-262) | 165 (87-218) | 182 (154-336) | .154 | 237 (73.5-486.5) |
| INR | 1.0 (1.0-1.1) | 1.0 (1.0-1.1) | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) | .474 | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) |
| aPTT, s | 26 (24-30) | 25 (22-30) | 28 (24-31) | .2609 | 30 (23.5-56.5) |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 574 (482-689) | 613 (495-730) | 494 (463-574) | .2242 | NT |
| D-dimer, µg/mL | 1.7 (1.0-5.5) | 1.8 (1.0-4.4) | 1.2 (0.9-18.0) | 1.000 | NT |
| GFR, mL/m2 | 73.9 (42.4-93.2) | 65.8 (43.1-87.8) | 81.6 (26.7-139.4) | .296 | 72.7 (17.0-91.4) |
| Creatinin, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.8-1.7) | 1.1 (0.9-1.7) | 0.9 (0.6-2.5) | .331 | 1.8 (0.85-4.7) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 17.1 (11.8-27.6) | 15.0 (12.1-19.1) | 28.3 (7.7-29.5) | .136 | 9.7 (0.1-20.6) |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.7 (0.2-1.8) | 0.7 (0.2-2.8) | 0.2 (0.2-2.0) | .823 | 3.13 (0.45-20.24) |
| Troponin I, ng/dL | 26 (13.8-111.3) | 29 (16-210) | 22 (6-34) | .284 | 27.5 (17-38) |
| NT pro-BNP, ng/L | 749 (385-3148) | 1169 (239-4543) | 537 (385-2324) | .661 | NT |
| CK, U/L | 312 (181-1166) | 300 (159-1416) | 414 (280-1057) | .602 | 222 (40-2227) |
| AST, U/L | 62 (45-118) | 63 (43-134) | 61 (47-108) | .881 | 59 (15-390) |
| ALT, U/L | 45 (28-76) | 46 (29-68) | 34 (19-88) | .455 | NT |
| LDH, U/L | 415 (375-498) | 426 (382-504) | 394 (312-497) | .502 | 219 (199-410) |
| Medication at admission to hospital, n (%) | |||||
| Oral anticoagulation | 1 (4.8) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | .424 | 0 (0.0) |
| ACEi/ARB | 9 (42.9) | 5 (35.7) | 4 (57.1) | .515 | 2 (40) |
| Aldosterone inhibitors | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (28.6) | .051 | 0 (0.0) |
| Diuretics | 2 (9.5) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (14.3) | .696 | 3 (5) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 3 (14.3) | 2 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | .869 | 0 (0.0) |
| Beta blockers | 7 (33.3) | 3 (21.4) | 4 (57.1) | .152 | 2 (40) |
| Statins | 5 (23.8) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (42.9) | .210 | 1 (20) |
| ASA | 5 (23.8) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (42.9) | .210 | 2 (40) |
| P2Y12 blockers | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | 0 (0.0) |
| . | ICU COVID-19 . | Control ICU (n = 5) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 21) . | Survivors (n = 14) . | Nonsurvivors (n = 7) . | P . | ||
| Age (mean ± SD), y | 60 ± 17 | 58 ± 18 | 63 ± 16 | .359 | 61 ± 28 |
| Male (%), n | 18 (85.7) | 11 (78.6) | 7 (100) | .186 | 4 (80) |
| Body mass index (mean ± SD) | 28.6 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 29 ± 4 | .543 | 23 ± 6 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||||
| Arterial hypertension | 14 (66.7) | 9 (64.3) | 5 (71.4) | .743 | 1 (20%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 5 (23.8) | 3 (21.4) | 2 (28.6) | .717 | 2 (40%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (23.8) | 4 (28.6) | 1 (14.3) | .469 | 1 (20%) |
| Current smokers | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Obesity* | 4 (19.0) | 3 (21.4) | 1 (14.3) | .807 | 1 (20%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 (19.0) | 4 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | .116 | 0 (0.0) |
| Known CAD | 4 (19.0) | 2 (14.3) | 2 (28.6) | .597 | 1 (20%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| Left ventricular function, % (mean ± SD) | 56 ± 6 | 57 ± 7 | 54 ± 6 | .516 | NA |
| RV pressure, mmHg (mean ± SD) | 26 ± 3 | 23 ± 6 | 33 ± 15 | .401 | NA |
| Admission laboratory, median (25th-75th percentile) | |||||
| Leukocytes, 1000/µL | 6.5 (4.2-9.7) | 6.7 (4.3-11.0) | 5.6 (3.0-6.8) | .233 | 13.3 (8.2-28.1) |
| Lymphocytes, 1000/µL | 0.6 (0.3-1.0) | 0.7 (0.5-1.1) | 0.3 (0.3-0.8) | .044 | NT |
| PLT, ×109/L | 179 (152-262) | 165 (87-218) | 182 (154-336) | .154 | 237 (73.5-486.5) |
| INR | 1.0 (1.0-1.1) | 1.0 (1.0-1.1) | 1.1 (1.0-1.1) | .474 | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) |
| aPTT, s | 26 (24-30) | 25 (22-30) | 28 (24-31) | .2609 | 30 (23.5-56.5) |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 574 (482-689) | 613 (495-730) | 494 (463-574) | .2242 | NT |
| D-dimer, µg/mL | 1.7 (1.0-5.5) | 1.8 (1.0-4.4) | 1.2 (0.9-18.0) | 1.000 | NT |
| GFR, mL/m2 | 73.9 (42.4-93.2) | 65.8 (43.1-87.8) | 81.6 (26.7-139.4) | .296 | 72.7 (17.0-91.4) |
| Creatinin, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.8-1.7) | 1.1 (0.9-1.7) | 0.9 (0.6-2.5) | .331 | 1.8 (0.85-4.7) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 17.1 (11.8-27.6) | 15.0 (12.1-19.1) | 28.3 (7.7-29.5) | .136 | 9.7 (0.1-20.6) |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.7 (0.2-1.8) | 0.7 (0.2-2.8) | 0.2 (0.2-2.0) | .823 | 3.13 (0.45-20.24) |
| Troponin I, ng/dL | 26 (13.8-111.3) | 29 (16-210) | 22 (6-34) | .284 | 27.5 (17-38) |
| NT pro-BNP, ng/L | 749 (385-3148) | 1169 (239-4543) | 537 (385-2324) | .661 | NT |
| CK, U/L | 312 (181-1166) | 300 (159-1416) | 414 (280-1057) | .602 | 222 (40-2227) |
| AST, U/L | 62 (45-118) | 63 (43-134) | 61 (47-108) | .881 | 59 (15-390) |
| ALT, U/L | 45 (28-76) | 46 (29-68) | 34 (19-88) | .455 | NT |
| LDH, U/L | 415 (375-498) | 426 (382-504) | 394 (312-497) | .502 | 219 (199-410) |
| Medication at admission to hospital, n (%) | |||||
| Oral anticoagulation | 1 (4.8) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | .424 | 0 (0.0) |
| ACEi/ARB | 9 (42.9) | 5 (35.7) | 4 (57.1) | .515 | 2 (40) |
| Aldosterone inhibitors | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (28.6) | .051 | 0 (0.0) |
| Diuretics | 2 (9.5) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (14.3) | .696 | 3 (5) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 3 (14.3) | 2 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | .869 | 0 (0.0) |
| Beta blockers | 7 (33.3) | 3 (21.4) | 4 (57.1) | .152 | 2 (40) |
| Statins | 5 (23.8) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (42.9) | .210 | 1 (20) |
| ASA | 5 (23.8) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (42.9) | .210 | 2 (40) |
| P2Y12 blockers | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | 0 (0.0) |
Bold indicates significant P value.
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CAD, cardiac artery disease; CK, creatine kinase; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; INR, international normalized ratio; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NA, not applicable; NT, not tested; NT pro BNP, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; PLT, platelet; RV, right ventricular; SD, standard deviation.
Obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2).