Immune and nonimmune causes of platelet refractoriness
| Nonimmune causes . | Immune-mediated causes . |
|---|---|
| Fever, infection, or sepsis | Antibodies against HLA class I |
| Bleeding | ABO-mismatched platelets |
| Accelerated platelet consumption (DIC, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia) | Antibodies against human platelet antigens |
| Drugs (amphotericin B, vancomycin, ATG, interferons) | Antibodies against drug–platelet glycoprotein complex |
| Splenic sequestration | |
| Graft-versus-host disease | |
| Poor platelet quality or greater storage age |
| Nonimmune causes . | Immune-mediated causes . |
|---|---|
| Fever, infection, or sepsis | Antibodies against HLA class I |
| Bleeding | ABO-mismatched platelets |
| Accelerated platelet consumption (DIC, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia) | Antibodies against human platelet antigens |
| Drugs (amphotericin B, vancomycin, ATG, interferons) | Antibodies against drug–platelet glycoprotein complex |
| Splenic sequestration | |
| Graft-versus-host disease | |
| Poor platelet quality or greater storage age |
ATG, antithymoglobulin; DIC, diffuse intravascular coagulation.